Peasant life in the Holy Land . sisting of the joints, lowerparts of the stems and roots, called Kashu, is usedby the Fellahin for heating their ovens, and aboutGaza the potters buy it to burn in the kilns. The method of treading out the corn justdescribed is that most commonly adopted, but inmany places, instead of doing this by the feet ofcattle, an instrument called Noixraj is employed forthe purpose. This consists of a large thick plankof wood, turned up in front, and hewn out of asolid piece of timber. A number of holes aredrilled in the under side, and into these are fixedpointed pieces
Peasant life in the Holy Land . sisting of the joints, lowerparts of the stems and roots, called Kashu, is usedby the Fellahin for heating their ovens, and aboutGaza the potters buy it to burn in the kilns. The method of treading out the corn justdescribed is that most commonly adopted, but inmany places, instead of doing this by the feet ofcattle, an instrument called Noixraj is employed forthe purpose. This consists of a large thick plankof wood, turned up in front, and hewn out of asolid piece of timber. A number of holes aredrilled in the under side, and into these are fixedpointed pieces of basalt or flint, projecting half orthree-quarters of an inch (Isa. xli. 15). The cornis put in a heap, as described above, and this board,drawn by a pair of oxen or a single horse or mule,is driven round and round on it, the driver standingon it to give it additional weight, and so make itmore effective. The corn is separated and thestraw cut up rather more quickly by this methodthan by the other, but I do not think that the. MUZZLED OXEN 211 resultant straw for fodder, the Tibn, is of so good aquality. The grain, after being separated from the strawand chaff, is cleaned from earth, etc., by sifting ina sieve, and then piled up in a heap on the lieap is known as Saltheh, from the word for across, as the Christians, and many Moslems also,make the mark of a cross on it with the handle ofthe winnowing fork, for good luck, sticking thefork afterwards in the middle of the heap, prongsupwards. The grain is then stored away in thecorn-bins in the houses or in sacks; the Tibn also is stored for future use. In the hill districts, in a few villages the cattletreading out the corn are muzzled, though in mostplaces this is not the case, and they are allowed,as they tramp their weary round, to eat as much asthey please (Deut. xxv. 4 ; 1 Cor. ix. 9). Themuzzle where used is of two kinds, the simplerbeing a ring made of a twig of mulberry or willowplaced round the mouth of the a
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