History of the United States . cause of Howes failure tocooperate directly with Burgoyne was due to the carelessness of aBritish official in London, who misplaced the order to that Howe, therefore, having had no definite instructions,chose to follow a plan of his own by which he hoped to capture 126 HOWES SECOND CAMPAIGN 127 Philadelphia first and join Burgoyne later. With his army of17,000 men, more than double Washingtons effective force,Howe expected to accomplish this within a very short the previous campaign in New Jersey, the British commanderhad been so often foi
History of the United States . cause of Howes failure tocooperate directly with Burgoyne was due to the carelessness of aBritish official in London, who misplaced the order to that Howe, therefore, having had no definite instructions,chose to follow a plan of his own by which he hoped to capture 126 HOWES SECOND CAMPAIGN 127 Philadelphia first and join Burgoyne later. With his army of17,000 men, more than double Washingtons effective force,Howe expected to accomplish this within a very short the previous campaign in New Jersey, the British commanderhad been so often foiled by the maneuvers of Washington that theformer finally decided upon a wholly new plan of , he proceeded by sea to the head of Chesapeake Bay,where he landed his troops and prepared for an imme- Battle of Brandywine diate march on the continental capital. Washington Sept. li, 1777moved to meet him at Brandywine creek in southern Pennsylvania;but a number of mistakes were made by his officers in carrying. WASHINGTON AND LAFAYETTE AT VALLEY FORGE out his plans, so that the Americans were outflanked as at LongIsland and forced to retreat, with a loss of about 1000 men. Shortlyafterwards, September 26, 1777, Howe took possession of Philadel-phia, forcing Congress to flee to York. Washington, however, was not discouraged, and planned anattack that was in its strategy as daring as his Trenton-Princetoncampaign of the year before. It began in an equally ?,^**^^,^^successful manner, but a heavy fog caused confusion Oct. 4, 1777and disastrous collisions in the American ranks. The result wasthat the Americans were forced to retire after heavy losses. 128 THIRD PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION This conflict was knoTvn as the battle of Germantown, October4, 1777, after which mihtary operations were suspended for theremainder of the year. 81. Winter Quarters at Valley Forge, 1777-1778.—Howe wentinto winter quarters at Philadelphia, and Washington selected aposition at Valle
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