. Soils, their properties and management . Sehiiblers apparatus is found on page104 of Bodenkundc, by E. A. Mitscherlich, published by PaulParey, Berlin, in 1905. ^ Haberlandt, H. Ueber die Koharescenz Verhaltnisseversehiedcner Bodenarten. Forsch. a. d. Gebiete d. , Band I, Seite 148-157. 1878. Also, Wissenschaftlichpraktische Untersuchungen auf dam Gebiete des Pflanzenbaues,Band I, Seite 22. 1875. 176 SOILS: PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT Puchiier ^ used a penetration apparatus, consistingof a vertical shaft held by metal guides and counterpoisedby a weight hung over a pulley. The sha


. Soils, their properties and management . Sehiiblers apparatus is found on page104 of Bodenkundc, by E. A. Mitscherlich, published by PaulParey, Berlin, in 1905. ^ Haberlandt, H. Ueber die Koharescenz Verhaltnisseversehiedcner Bodenarten. Forsch. a. d. Gebiete d. , Band I, Seite 148-157. 1878. Also, Wissenschaftlichpraktische Untersuchungen auf dam Gebiete des Pflanzenbaues,Band I, Seite 22. 1875. 176 SOILS: PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT Puchiier ^ used a penetration apparatus, consistingof a vertical shaft held by metal guides and counterpoisedby a weight hung over a pulley. The shaft was armedat the lower end with a cutting blade, while the upperend carried a scale pan for holding the necessary weightsfor penetration. The cohesion coefficient was the weightnecessary to force the blade a certain distance into thesoil. All important apparatus have been modeled aftereither Puchners or Schiiblers. That of Atterberg ^ (seeFig. 24) follows the former, while that of the Bureau ofSoils ^ (see Fig. 25) resembles the FiQ. 24. — Atterbergs apparatus for determining the cohesion of soilprisms. The soil prism is placed between the cutting edge (A) andthe sharp plunger (P). Weights are added at (IF). (C) is a coun-terpoise. 1 Puclmer, 11. Untersuehungen iiber die Kohareszenz derBodenarten. Forseh. a. d. Gebiete d. , Band 12,Seite 195-241. 1889. ^ Atterberg, A. Die Konsistenz und die Bindigkeit der Mitt. f. Bodenkunde, Band II, Heft 2-3, Seite 149-189. 1912. Cameron, F. K., and Gallagher, F. E. Moisture Contentand Physical Condition of Soils. U. S. D. A., Bureau of Soils,Bul. 50. 1908. SOIL STRUCTURE 177 Recently Puchner ^ has found a machine for measuringthe crushing strength of dry soil cylinders to be of valuein determining the absolute, or maximum, cohesion ofsoils. The results, as he has already demonstrated inhis previous work, are comparable, in relative value atleast, to those obtained by simpler methods. The great diffic


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