. Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History. Natural history; Ethnology. 76 Mat and Basket Weaving, toughness of sucli a man's sole; but as little can one wlio lias not walked over it appre- ciate the sharp roughness of a stream of Hawaiian aa^ the roughest form of lava. The toughest soled native needs some artificial protedion for his feet. In climbing Manna Loa, the largest of the Hawaiian volcanic mountains, in 1864, the author wore out three sets of rawhide sandals used as protedion to stout walking shoes, and only occa- sional beds of aa were
. Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History. Natural history; Ethnology. 76 Mat and Basket Weaving, toughness of sucli a man's sole; but as little can one wlio lias not walked over it appre- ciate the sharp roughness of a stream of Hawaiian aa^ the roughest form of lava. The toughest soled native needs some artificial protedion for his feet. In climbing Manna Loa, the largest of the Hawaiian volcanic mountains, in 1864, the author wore out three sets of rawhide sandals used as protedion to stout walking shoes, and only occa- sional beds of aa were encountered. No one could travel around the island of Hawaii, near the coast, without meeting many miles of this rough road. Where a permanent path was needed smooth beach pebbles were laid for footway, but on occasional journeys one often found no such provision for his feet, and he was forced to weave or braid some mat-like struAure for sandals. iVny tough fibre at hand was pressed into service; pandanus {lauhala), drac^na {Ja'i ki), hau bark {Hi hati), banana {lau maia), poaaha or waoke, all answered sufficiently for the temporary need. Plate III shows examples of all these. In structure there were two general ways of plaiting the hastily construded basketry: one, the simplest, consisted of a stout cord of any suitable material formed into a loop for the toes and over and between the paral- lel sides formed by the cords the leaves were braided or entwined, the tougher stems be- ing left for the under surface, as shown in the first example on Plate III. The loose ends of the looped cord served to bind the ^^^' ^ * ^^'^^ ^^ sandals to the ankle. The third specimen shown in the same plate is a little more complicated, there being four instead of two cords about which the weft is twined. Fig. ^6 shows this more clearly, the loops work in opposite direAions and when pulled draw the substance of the sandal together. When waoke or maia was used a very comfortable and servi
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