History of the Bank of England, its times and traditions, from 1694 to 1844 . 00 of exchequer bonds were paid off at maturity in May to the amount of £306,000 per annum ceased in October, andshortly the securities known as long annuities will expire, thus effectingan additional yearly economy of £1,599,500. The Year 1860. The British copper coinage is executed by private parties under con-tract. Of the English copper coinage, beginning in 1805 and ending in1808, Messrs. Boulton and Watt produced—of pence, 361 tons; ofhalf-pence, 693 tons; and of farthings, 22£ tons. Of the Irish
History of the Bank of England, its times and traditions, from 1694 to 1844 . 00 of exchequer bonds were paid off at maturity in May to the amount of £306,000 per annum ceased in October, andshortly the securities known as long annuities will expire, thus effectingan additional yearly economy of £1,599,500. The Year 1860. The British copper coinage is executed by private parties under con-tract. Of the English copper coinage, beginning in 1805 and ending in1808, Messrs. Boulton and Watt produced—of pence, 361 tons; ofhalf-pence, 693 tons; and of farthings, 22£ tons. Of the Irish coppercoinage, commencing in 1805 and terminating in 1806, the same firmsupplied 151 tons of pence, 467 tons of half-pence, and 21 tons of far-things ; giving a grand total of copper coins furnished by the presses ofcontractors between 1797 and 1808 of something over 3,500 tons, orabove 300,000,000 individual pieces of all denominations. Subjoinedare fac similes of the obverse and reverse of the new mixed metal coinsissued in 1860: The New Bronze Penny (actual size.). The metal of which they are composed is a species of bronze, contain- ing: Copper, •• 9S parts. Tin \ « Zinc, l 448 History of the Bank of England. The popular tradition that the personification of Britannia was origin-ated by Charles II. is erroneous. On the Roman Imperial coinage ofAntoninus Pius, who died A. D. 161, we find a female figure seated ona globe surrounded by waves, in her right hand a standard, in her left ajavelin, her elbow reclining upon the edge of a large buckler by her side ;in the exergue Britan. The figure is supposed to typify the subjugatedprovince, and well illustrates the lines of Virgil : Et penitus toto divi-sos orbe Britannos. It is true, however, that in Charles reign,after an interval of 1,500 years, the Britannia re-appeared on the coppercoinage of England. Philip Roetier is said to have been the engraver,and to have introduced the likeness of Miss Stewart, afterwar
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, bookid, booksubjectbankofengland
