. Bulletin. Science. Figure 23.—Principle of Wheatstone and Cooke's "step-by-step" dial telegraph. From R. Sabine, History and Progress of the Electric Telegraph, London, 1872, p. 177. electromagnet. The relative simplicity and rugged- ness of the Morse system made it the most successful one in 19th-century America and, indeed, in the greater portion of the world outside the British Empire. Morse apparently started thinking about an elec- trical telegraph upon his return from France in 1832, as the result of some conversations on board ship. A copy of Morse's notebook dealing with th
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 23.—Principle of Wheatstone and Cooke's "step-by-step" dial telegraph. From R. Sabine, History and Progress of the Electric Telegraph, London, 1872, p. 177. electromagnet. The relative simplicity and rugged- ness of the Morse system made it the most successful one in 19th-century America and, indeed, in the greater portion of the world outside the British Empire. Morse apparently started thinking about an elec- trical telegraph upon his return from France in 1832, as the result of some conversations on board ship. A copy of Morse's notebook dealing with the subject of these conversations is preserved in the Museum of History and Technology of the Smithsonian In- stitution. The copy includes a sketch of what appears to be an electrochemical receiver similar to Dyar's and another sketch in which an electromagnet actuates an armature to move a style against a roll of paper (fig. 29). However, Morse's ignorance of electricity and his need to make a living prevented him from building a working model of his telegraph for several years. In November 1835 Morse obtained a position at New York University as professor of arts and design. Since his duties there left him some free time, he began to reduce his ideas on telegraphy to practice. By the end of that year he had worked out a trans- mitter and an electromagnetic receiver. This device was literally a telegraph—an instrument for writing at a distance. Type was set up in a port rule or composing stick (fig. 30, top), which was then cranked through a device that opened and closed the circuit according to the hills and valleys on the type. At the other end of the line, this opening and closing of the circuit caused a wooden pendulum, suspended on an old canvas-stretcher, to swing back and forth, and, in so doing, to make zig-zag marks on paper tape (fig. 30, bottom). However, further progress was halted by the usual problem of telegraph inventors—. Please note that these images are
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