. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIG. I. Normal protoplasm of Para- m cccii tn i. TX5 in. oil immersion. It will be seen by an examination of the table that the activity of any of the salts, as is shown by the strength of solution re- quired to modify the structure of the protoplasm of Paramoccinin, varies directly with their valence. The acids and bases are much more powerful in their action than any of the salts of a similar valence, probably because of the known disproportionate kinetic energy of the hydrogen and hy- droxyl ions. All the acids and salts
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIG. I. Normal protoplasm of Para- m cccii tn i. TX5 in. oil immersion. It will be seen by an examination of the table that the activity of any of the salts, as is shown by the strength of solution re- quired to modify the structure of the protoplasm of Paramoccinin, varies directly with their valence. The acids and bases are much more powerful in their action than any of the salts of a similar valence, probably because of the known disproportionate kinetic energy of the hydrogen and hy- droxyl ions. All the acids and salts found in the first column of the table, which agree in coagulating the protoplasm through the action of the predominant cathion, effect changes in the protoplasm so similar as to be practically indis- tinguishable even under a high magnification. The less active solutions, such as KC1 and MgSO4, do not produce quite so dense a coagulum as the others, and the reaction is considerably slower. But in all the bivalent and trivalent salts and the acids, a distinct clouding of the protoplasm can be observed within thirty minutes after the paramcecia have been immersed in the solution. This clouding of the protoplasm increases and is ac- companied by a shrinking of the cell owing to a loss of water, until within a few hours, the whole cell is reduced to a subspher- ical mass of densely opaque protoplasm (see Fig. 2). The changes are identical with those produced by a lower- ing of the temperature. An examination of the pro- toplasm with a one-twelfth inch oil-immersion lens re-. FIG. 2. A Paramcecium in w/32O MgCl,, , . e , showing a typical coagulation of the pro veals the fact that the cloud- toplasm. ing of the protoplasm is due to a separation of the two elements of the protoplasm, the cell sap and the protoplasmic granules. These two elements lose. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorati
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
