. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 242 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI forms lumps 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, in whose periphery are embedded the perithecia (Hennings, 1901). The second group of the Hypocreales, that of the Didymosporae- Phragmosporae-Dictyosporae, shows morphologically the same funda- mental characters as the first group, the Amerosporae. It begins with simple forms without stromata and develops gradually to a continually more differentiated stromatic type which reaches a height of development in each of three spore series corresponding to that of the lower Polyporales of
. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 242 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI forms lumps 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, in whose periphery are embedded the perithecia (Hennings, 1901). The second group of the Hypocreales, that of the Didymosporae- Phragmosporae-Dictyosporae, shows morphologically the same funda- mental characters as the first group, the Amerosporae. It begins with simple forms without stromata and develops gradually to a continually more differentiated stromatic type which reaches a height of development in each of three spore series corresponding to that of the lower Polyporales of the Basidiomycetes. While these four series in the table on page 233 follow rather identical lines in the differentiation of their stroma and hence end with fructifications externally alike, in the third group of the Hypocreales, that of the Scolecosporae, we will have to follow at least three divergent directions of development: the first, represented by the Oomyces-Ascopolyporus series, which reaches the height of the Polyporales in the formation and structure of a perithecial hymenium; a second represented by the Epichloe-Claviceps series which, by physiological differentiation of its stro- mata, has arrived at types peculiar to the Hypo- creales; and a third, represented by the Cordyceps group, which is a copy of Hypocrea and its rela- tives in the Didymosporae. The Oomyces-Ascopolyporus series, through Oomyces, is connected directly to the level of the stromatic Nectriaceae. Oomyces forms flat- tened, slightly differentiated mats in which are (Natural size; after Mailer, embedded the perithecia. In Brazil Oomyces monocarpus develops on Merostachys speciosa, a bamboo, small, soft, light yellow to reddish stromata, 1 to 2 mm. high, each of which contains a single perithecium. Occasionally several stromata may be confluent at the base or may come together into small mats. The structure of the perithecial wall is markedly different from the structure of the stroma. Still more
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