. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . It will be seen that most of the great saving of time in modernconstruction of bridges and other parts of railways is due to im-proved machinery. The engineer of to-day is probably not moreskilful than his ancestor, who, in periwig and cue, breeches and THE BUILDING OF A General View of the Poughkeepsie Bridge. silk stockings, is represented in old prints supervising a gang oflaborers, who slowly lift the ram of a pile-driver by hauling on oneend of a rope passed over a pulley-wheel. The modern engine
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . It will be seen that most of the great saving of time in modernconstruction of bridges and other parts of railways is due to im-proved machinery. The engineer of to-day is probably not moreskilful than his ancestor, who, in periwig and cue, breeches and THE BUILDING OF A General View of the Poughkeepsie Bridge. silk stockings, is represented in old prints supervising a gang oflaborers, who slowly lift the ram of a pile-driver by hauling on oneend of a rope passed over a pulley-wheel. The modern engineerhas that useful servant, steam, and the history of modern engineer-ing is chiefly the history of those inventions by which steam hasbeen able to supersede manual labor—such as pile-drivers, steam-shovels, steam-dredo-es, and other similar tools. After the road-bed of a railway is completed and covered witha good coat of gravel or stone-ballast, and after all the temporarystructures have been replaced by permanent ones, that part of thework may be said to be done, requiring only that the damages ofstorms should be repaired. But the track of a railway is neverdone. It is always wearing out and always being replaced. Some of the early English engineers, not appreciating this, en-deavored to lay down solid stone walls coped with stone cut to asmooth surfa
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