. Animal communities in temperate America, as illustrated in the Chicago region ; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology. BLA CK-OA K A SSOCIA TION 231 a) Subterranean-ground stratum.—^extmX digger-wasps and para- sites not found in the earlier stages occur among the more closely placed N'egetation here (Epeolus pusillus, a parasite, Specodes dichroa, and Ody- uerus a nor mis). A megachilid or leaf-cutter makes a nicely matched thimble-shaped cell. This cell is placed at the end of a burrow about 2 in. below the surface of the sand. The burrow is about 4 in. long. The leaf-cutter i
. Animal communities in temperate America, as illustrated in the Chicago region ; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology. BLA CK-OA K A SSOCIA TION 231 a) Subterranean-ground stratum.—^extmX digger-wasps and para- sites not found in the earlier stages occur among the more closely placed N'egetation here (Epeolus pusillus, a parasite, Specodes dichroa, and Ody- uerus a nor mis). A megachilid or leaf-cutter makes a nicely matched thimble-shaped cell. This cell is placed at the end of a burrow about 2 in. below the surface of the sand. The burrow is about 4 in. long. The leaf-cutter is attacked by a parasitic bee { rufitarsus) which lays its eggs upon the larval cell. One sunny day we found the digger- wasp (Ammopln'la procera) (173) with a black-oak caterpillar (Nadata. Representatives of the Black-Oak Community Fig. 206.—One of the solitary wasps {Ammophila procera), with the oak-feeding larva {Nadata gibbosa), which it has carried to a point near its nest and laid upon the ground; i| times natural size. Fig. 207.—Female crab spider {Misumcssus asperatiis) (after Emerton); enlarged. Fig. 208.—Male of same. Figs. 209a, logb.—The fiatbug {Neuroctemis simplex) which lives under the bark on the dead oaks. 209(2 is a side view, much enlarged. gibbosa) (Fig. 206) (137). When first observed, the larva was lying on the ground and the wasp was moving about some 6 in. away. As we approached, the Ammophila, apparently disturbed, seized the large caterpillar and ran into the adjoining vegetation, where it was captured. All the forms mentioned as breeding beneath sand, feed at the surface of the soil or upon the vegetation. In open places among the black oak we find the same grasshoppers as in the earlier stages. The hog-nosed snake (40) is common; it spreads and flattens out its head when dis- turbed; when handled roughly it often goes into a death feint, such as the oriental snake-charmers produce in their poisonous snakes by pres-. Please note t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1913
