Anatomy, physiology and hygiene . , oocoyx. jrtebral 44 THE SKELETON. 38. The Ribs. — Branching out from each side of thespinal column, in the dorsal region, are the twelve ribs, which are grooved under-neath for the passage ofblood-vessels and nervesto the front of the ribs slope downwardand outward, and, withthe dorsal vertebrae andbreast bone, form thebony walls of the thoraxor chest. This arrange-ment and the elasticityof the cartilages whichunite most of the ribs tothe breast bone permitconsiderable enlargementof the chest cavity in theprocess of Free movements o
Anatomy, physiology and hygiene . , oocoyx. jrtebral 44 THE SKELETON. 38. The Ribs. — Branching out from each side of thespinal column, in the dorsal region, are the twelve ribs, which are grooved under-neath for the passage ofblood-vessels and nervesto the front of the ribs slope downwardand outward, and, withthe dorsal vertebrae andbreast bone, form thebony walls of the thoraxor chest. This arrange-ment and the elasticityof the cartilages whichunite most of the ribs tothe breast bone permitconsiderable enlargementof the chest cavity in theprocess of Free movements of the chest wallsare necessary for the health and proper action of theorgans within them. 39. The Pelvis. — This consists of the sacrum and coccyxbehind, the hip bones (innominate bones) upon the sides,and the pubic bone in front. By its size, strength, curves,and expanded upper edges (hips), it is well adapted tosupport and protect the organs within it. It also assistsin supporting the upper part of the body, by its relation. Lateral Curvature of Spine, caused by the habitof carrying books on one arm. (Moshek.) 1 The seven upper ribs upon each side are joined directly to the breastbone by cartilages, and are called true ribs; the other five are calledfalse ribs. Of these five the three upper ones are joined by cartilages tothe cartilages of the true ribs, while the two lower, having no cartilages,their anterior ends being free, are called floating ribs. THE SKELETON. 45 to the spinal column and by the attachment which itaffords for the powerful muscles of the trunk. Articu-lating (forming joints) with the pelvis are the two thighbones. These are supported by the bones of the legs,which in turn rest upon those of the feet. 40. The Limbs, or Extremities. — These are joined to thetrunk at its upper part by means of the shoulders (collarbones and shoulder blades), and at its lower portion bythe hip bones. The bones of each upper extremityare the humerus (arm bone), radius an
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