. Steam shovel mining, including a consideration of electric shovels and other power excavators in open-pit mining . closed by a spring lug-latch on the frontside. It is opened by the craneman pulling on a light line operat-ing a lever to which the latch is attached, and thus dumpingthe load where desired. The capacity of the dipper ranges fromone-half to eight cubic yards, and depends on the size of theshovel and the character of the material being excavated. It is 1 Robinson, A. W.: The Steam Shovel in Mining, , Vol. IV,pp. 59-68. 10 STEAM SHOVEL MINING attached to the dipper handl
. Steam shovel mining, including a consideration of electric shovels and other power excavators in open-pit mining . closed by a spring lug-latch on the frontside. It is opened by the craneman pulling on a light line operat-ing a lever to which the latch is attached, and thus dumpingthe load where desired. The capacity of the dipper ranges fromone-half to eight cubic yards, and depends on the size of theshovel and the character of the material being excavated. It is 1 Robinson, A. W.: The Steam Shovel in Mining, , Vol. IV,pp. 59-68. 10 STEAM SHOVEL MINING attached to the dipper handle by steel arms and is provided witha hinged bail, which is fastened to the dipper sheave block, and bywhich it is hoisted. Fig. 5 illustrates the Vanderhoef all-man-ganese-steel 4-cubic yard dipper, which has given good resultsin severe work. Such a dipper will have a life of at least onemillion cubic yards of medium hard material. Engines.—These usually consist of three separate enginesof the double cylinder horizontal type. They control the threeworking movements, crowding, hoisting and swinging and are so. Fig. 5.—Vanderhoef all mariKanese-steel dipper. termed. The crowding, or thrusting engine is mounted on theupper side of the l)oom, is reversible, and is controlled by thecraneman. Its connecting rods rotate a crank shaft to the endsof which are keyed steel pinions; these engage with the shippershaft gears rotating the shipper shaft. The shipper shaft isprovided with manganese-steel pinions which track with thedipper handle racks and thus run the dipper in or out, givingit the first motion. The gears and pinions have square holesto fit the square section of the shipper shaft, thus doing awaywith troubles of keying. THE POWER SHOVEL 11 The hoisting engine is of the double horizontal type, withStephenson Hnk motion. As it does heavy hoisting, it is themost powerful of the three. The engine shaft is fitted withcounter-balanced discs and a pinion; the latter engages witht
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