. Activities handbook. Veterinary medicine. SCRAPIE Scrapie in history Scrapie has been known in Great Britain and Western Europe for more than 200 years. There is evidence that Spanish Merino sheep may have carried the disease into Europe. The disease has been reported in Australia. Austria, Canada, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland (where a similar disease is called Rida), New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Scot- land, Spain, and Wales. The first report in the United States was from Michigan in 1947. Scrapie was again re- l)orted in October 1952 when, in two related California outbreaks,
. Activities handbook. Veterinary medicine. SCRAPIE Scrapie in history Scrapie has been known in Great Britain and Western Europe for more than 200 years. There is evidence that Spanish Merino sheep may have carried the disease into Europe. The disease has been reported in Australia. Austria, Canada, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland (where a similar disease is called Rida), New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Scot- land, Spain, and Wales. The first report in the United States was from Michigan in 1947. Scrapie was again re- l)orted in October 1952 when, in two related California outbreaks, 21 sheep showed symp- toms. The United States Livestock Sanitary Association and segments of the sheep industry urged immediate eradication action. And on October 31, 1952, with an emergency declara- tion by the Secretary of Agriculture, the coop- erative Scrapie eradication program was es- tablished. All sheep in the two California flocks and all exposed sheep moved from them were slaugh- tered, as were the immediate progeny. The 55 premises involved were cleaned and disin- fected. More than 7 years have passed with no extension of infection fi'om these outbreaks. California has since suffered six additional out- breaks that were not associated with those in 1952. The source of the earlier outbreaks is believed to have been a Canadian Sheep rubbing against fence rail—an early symptom, from which the disease derives its name. The di-sease .struck next in Ohio where, in 1953, five infected flocks were found. The eradication program in Ohio included slaughter of infected flocks but not exposed sheep moved from them or the immediate progeny of the ex- sheep. Certain of animals in Ohio and Tennessee were later found to have scrapie. During the same year, scrapie was in three Illinois flocks. These flocks and exposed sheep moved from them were slaughtered. In both Ohio and Illinois it appeared that the disease had been introduced from the Canadian
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