. The Japanese empire and its economic conditions . ôs Residence . 234 Gate Leading to the Peecincts op Iemitsu . . 245 Lake Chusenji . ...... 245 Nikkô : Avenue op Buddhist Tombs ..... 280 13 PRINCIPAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS Yama = mountain. San = mountain. Take or dake = = café. Toge = peninsula. Kawa or gawa = river, = plain. Ura = bay. Nada = basin, gulf. Seto = straits. Umi = sea. Shima or jima = island. PRINCIPAL MEASURES 1 Chô = 358 feet or ^-^ of a mile ; 36 chô = 1 ri. 1 Ri = 2-44 English miles. 1 Ken = 6 feet; 60 ken = 1 chô. 1 Shaku = 1 foot (nearly). 1 Sun = abo
. The Japanese empire and its economic conditions . ôs Residence . 234 Gate Leading to the Peecincts op Iemitsu . . 245 Lake Chusenji . ...... 245 Nikkô : Avenue op Buddhist Tombs ..... 280 13 PRINCIPAL GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS Yama = mountain. San = mountain. Take or dake = = café. Toge = peninsula. Kawa or gawa = river, = plain. Ura = bay. Nada = basin, gulf. Seto = straits. Umi = sea. Shima or jima = island. PRINCIPAL MEASURES 1 Chô = 358 feet or ^-^ of a mile ; 36 chô = 1 ri. 1 Ri = 2-44 English miles. 1 Ken = 6 feet; 60 ken = 1 chô. 1 Shaku = 1 foot (nearly). 1 Sun = about 1 inch ; 10 sun = 1 shaku. 1 Bu = îô of 1 sun. 1 Jo =10 English feet. LAND MEASURE 1 Tsubo = 4 sq. yards English. 1 Chô = 2^ acres and 1 ri sq. = 6 sq. miles (approximately). 15 16 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CAPACITY 1 To = 10 sho = nearly J a bushel, or for liquids 4 Koku = 10 to = fraction less than 5 English bushels. WEIGHT Kin = IJ lb. avoir. Momme About 120 momma = 1 lb. avoir. Kwan or Kwamm = 1,000 momme = 6| kin = 6J PARK AT HAlv(.iNK.(See page 32.) The Japanese Empire and ItsEconomic Conditions CHAPTEE I I. Empire of Japan—II. Its geographical situation ; development ofcoasts, area, population—III. Climate—IV. Atmospheric humidity—V. Orographic system, volcanoes—VI. Hydrography, rivers andlakes. The Empire of Japan remained unknown to Europeuntil the 13th century, when Rubruquis and MarcoPolo discovered its existence ; but it was not till afterthe arrival of the Portuguese Jesuits in the JapaneseIslands, chat is, in the 10th century, that the countrybecame a little more familiar to Western peoples. Itis not my purpose here to trace the history of Japan ;it will be sufficient to say that since 1852, when theUnited States enforced its demand for open doors,down to our own day, Japan has undergone such trans-formations, and so effectively shaken off its old Chinesecivilisation in adopting the European mechanism, thatit has become a mihtary an
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