. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTHERN SEAS 65 The sublittoral fauna of the Arctic region, which differs fairly sharply from the abyssal, may in its turn be divided into two sub-regions—the shallow, lower Arctic one, including the Barents and White Seas (the White Sea- Spitsbergen province of the Arctic region, according to Gurjanova), and the shallow, high Arctic sub-region, including all the other seas of the Soviet and American sectors (the Siberian province and the North American- Greenland pr
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTHERN SEAS 65 The sublittoral fauna of the Arctic region, which differs fairly sharply from the abyssal, may in its turn be divided into two sub-regions—the shallow, lower Arctic one, including the Barents and White Seas (the White Sea- Spitsbergen province of the Arctic region, according to Gurjanova), and the shallow, high Arctic sub-region, including all the other seas of the Soviet and American sectors (the Siberian province and the North American- Greenland province of the Arctic region, according to E. Gurjanova). Again,. Fig. 16. Zoogeographical zonation of the Arctic region (according to various investi- gators). / Abyssal Arctic sub-region; // Lower-Arctic, shallow sub-region; HI High Arctic, shallow sub-region; Ilia Shallow marine province; Illb Shallow brackish- water province; Ilia1 Suberian region, Ilia2 North American Greenland region. The propagation of the boreal littoral fauna northwards and eastwards is marked by a dotted line (Zenkevitch, 1947). as has been stated above, the littoral fauna and to a certain extent the fauna of the upper level of the Murman sublittoral and that of the western part of the White Sea has a distinctly boreal character. E. F. Gurjanova, I. Zachs and P. Ushakov (1925) attributed a sub-Arctic nature to it; however, this littoral fauna, changing but little, reaches the shores of Brittany. On the other hand it is evident that in the Ice Age and the Yoldian stage the Murman and White Sea littoral was in the same state as it is at present in the high Arctic regions, it was practically absent and only later, with the rise of temperature, could the littoral fauna move northward and eastward. The absence of littoral fauna is, in fact, characteristic of the high Arctic. Movement far to the north and to the east is made possible for the boreal. Please note that these images are extracted from sca
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