. A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants . era,vol. ii. tab. xx. MARTIN. Hirihndo urbica, Linnseus. PI. 17, figs. 5, , 5-25 in.; wing, 4-25 in.; tarsus, 0*4 in. A summer migrant, arriving in April, and usuallydeparting some weeks before the Swallow, whichlingers here until October, and often until Novem-ber. The difference in the mode of nidificationwith the two species should be too well known toneed description here. Suffice it to state that it isthe House
. A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants . era,vol. ii. tab. xx. MARTIN. Hirihndo urbica, Linnseus. PI. 17, figs. 5, , 5-25 in.; wing, 4-25 in.; tarsus, 0*4 in. A summer migrant, arriving in April, and usuallydeparting some weeks before the Swallow, whichlingers here until October, and often until Novem-ber. The difference in the mode of nidificationwith the two species should be too well known toneed description here. Suffice it to state that it isthe House Martin which builds under the eaves, andis often dispossessed by the Sparrow. Where HouseSparrows are destroyed. House Martins was particularly observed by Colonel Kussellat Stubbers, near Komford; see also R. J. Howardin Mitchells Birds of Lancashire, 2nd edit. Before human habitations were constructed ofstone-masonry, the Swallows built their nests incaves, and the Martins on the face of cliffs; inseveral localities that could be mentioned theystill continue to do so. See Zool., 1882, p. 437;1883, p. 34; 1884, p. 470; 1887, p. 373; and1894, p. 9, tD ^ pi =a p b/l 4-. ^ S: 8 H o -• ^ SWALLOWS 107 SAND MARTIN. Cotile riparia (Linnteus). PI. 17,fig. 6. Length, 4-75 in.; wing, 4 in.; tarsus, 0*4 in. A summer migrant, generally making its appear-ance in spring somewhat earlier than any otherSwallows, and departing earlier in autumn. Breedsin colonies in sandpits and railway cuttings, wherethe soil admits easily of excavation. As exceptionalnesting sites may be mentioned holes in walls(Field, July 24, 1875; Zool, 1862, p. 7844, 1870,p. 2344, and 1877, p. 450), sawdust heaps (, p. 5108), and a mound at the back of rifle-butts [Zool., 1888, p. 279). For some remarks onthe treatment of Sand Martins in captivity, seeButler, Zool, 1887, p. 347. Order IIL PICARI^ Fam. CYPSELID^. SWIFT. Cypselus apus (Linnaeus). PI. 17, figs. 7, , 7 in.; wing, 7 i
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