. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 10 R. TERRELL WINGFIELD AND KARL M. WILBUR Hematocrit tests showed frog Ringer to be approximately isotonic with slight variations between individuals. Experimental solutions were made isosmotic with molal NaCl. Double distilled water was used throughout. Galactose, xylose and arabinose were Pfanstiehl brand and were free of calcium. NaCl was Merck Reagent For Biological Work. Other chemicals were reagent grade and were not further purified. We wish to thank Dr. M. H. Jacobs and Dr. H. B. Collier for their helpful sug-
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 10 R. TERRELL WINGFIELD AND KARL M. WILBUR Hematocrit tests showed frog Ringer to be approximately isotonic with slight variations between individuals. Experimental solutions were made isosmotic with molal NaCl. Double distilled water was used throughout. Galactose, xylose and arabinose were Pfanstiehl brand and were free of calcium. NaCl was Merck Reagent For Biological Work. Other chemicals were reagent grade and were not further purified. We wish to thank Dr. M. H. Jacobs and Dr. H. B. Collier for their helpful sug- gestions and Mr. N. G. Anderson and Mr. R. L. Rigsbee for photographic work. RESULTS Electrolytes The observation of Lyman (1945) that erythrocytes of C. serpentina will hemo- lyze in isotonic Ca-free salt solutions was readily confirmed. Moreover the course of hemolysis in isosmotic NaCl, for example, could be arrested by the addition of a small amount of isosmotic CaCL solution to the hemolyzing suspension. However, in preliminary experiments it became apparent that the rate of hemolysis varies with the cation and anion employed and also with the hydrogen ion concentration. The effect of different cations was examined by following the course of hemoly- sis in buffered and unbuffered isosmotic solutions of NaCl, KC1, MgCl, and CaCl2. Hemolysis was always most rapid in KC1, followed by NaCl, slower in MgCl2 (Figs. 1 and 2), and completely absent in CaCL. 66 64 16 20 24 28 32. FIGURE 1. Hemolysis of Chelydra erythrocytes in molal NaCl and molal KC1. 29° C. pH Solutions buffered with corresponding isosmotic phosphate in the proportion 9: 1. The initial rise in the curves indicates preliminary shrinkage probably due to slight hyper- tonicity. The final values for optical density represent complete hemolysis for both solutions, the difference apparently resulting from difference in opacity of the ghosts. The rate of hemolysis in any given electrolyte solution wa
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