. Foundations of Botany. Botany. CHAPTER XV PLAN AND STRUCTURE OF THE FLOWER AND ITS ORGANS 208. Parts or Organs of the Flower. — Most showy flowers consist, like those studied in the preceding chap- ter, of four circles or sets of organs, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. The sepals, taken together, consti- tute the calyx; the petals, taken together, constitute the corolla (Fig. 138).1 Some- times it is convenient to have a word to comprise both calyx and corolla; for this the term perianth is used. A flower which contains all four of these sets is said to be com- plete. Since the wor
. Foundations of Botany. Botany. CHAPTER XV PLAN AND STRUCTURE OF THE FLOWER AND ITS ORGANS 208. Parts or Organs of the Flower. — Most showy flowers consist, like those studied in the preceding chap- ter, of four circles or sets of organs, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. The sepals, taken together, consti- tute the calyx; the petals, taken together, constitute the corolla (Fig. 138).1 Some- times it is convenient to have a word to comprise both calyx and corolla; for this the term perianth is used. A flower which contains all four of these sets is said to be com- plete. Since the work of the flower is to produce seed, and seed-forming is due to the cooperation of stamens and pistils, or, as they are often called from their relation to the reproductive organs of spore-plants, microsporophylls and macrosporophylls (see Sect. 374), these are known as the essential organs (Fig. 138). The simplest possible pistil is a dwarfed and 1 The flower of the waterleaf Hydroplujllum canadense, modified hy the omission of the hairs on the stamens, is here given because it shows so plainly the relation of the parts. 197. cal-~ Fig. 138. — The Parts of the Flower. cal, calyx ; car, corolla; st, stamens; p, Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Boston, Ginn & company
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