. A reference hand-book of gynecology for nurses . eter, or in the symptoms produced vary with the locationof the stone. Renal colic signifies the paroxysmsof pain attending the passage of a stone through theureter. Tuberculosis of the urinary organs begins, as arule, in the renal substance; in time the tuberclesbreak down, the germs are carried through thepelvis and ureter to the bladder, causing in turn 120 GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES tubercular pyelitis, ureteritis, and cystitis. Thisis called a descending infection. Gonorrheal infection is the typical ascendinginfection. The urethra
. A reference hand-book of gynecology for nurses . eter, or in the symptoms produced vary with the locationof the stone. Renal colic signifies the paroxysmsof pain attending the passage of a stone through theureter. Tuberculosis of the urinary organs begins, as arule, in the renal substance; in time the tuberclesbreak down, the germs are carried through thepelvis and ureter to the bladder, causing in turn 120 GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES tubercular pyelitis, ureteritis, and cystitis. Thisis called a descending infection. Gonorrheal infection is the typical ascendinginfection. The urethra is involved first, then thebladder, and in rare cases the ureter and pelvisof the kidney. THE TECHNIC OF CATHETERIZATION, BLADDER IRRIGATION, AND CYSTOSCOPIC EXAMINA-TIONS Catheterization.—Catheterization is the evac-uation of the contents of the bladder by means ofa tube-like instrument—a catheter. This little operation usually devolves upon thenurse, and, although seemingly of minor import-ance, must be carried out with a thoroughly aseptic. Fig. 54.—Catheters: 1, Glass; 2, silver; 3, soft rubber; 4,elastic. technic. Numerous cases of infection of the blad-der are traceable to faulty catheterization, and itshould be a matter of pride and of conscience withevery nurse to prevent the occurrence of such acase in her own practice. Catheters (Fig. 54) are made of glass, silver,soft-rubber, and elastic fiber. All forms can besterilized by boiling. The glass catheter is pre-ferred because it is inexpensive, can be boiledrepeatedly, and shows at once whether it is cleanor not. THE URINARY ORGANS OF WOMEN 121 Technic.—Boil a glass catheter for five minutesin a shallow instrument tray. While it is boilingplace a small table to the right of the patientsbed, near the foot. Arrange on this a small basinof sterile water, one of bichlorid solution i : 10,000,a jar of green-soap mixture, and a package of sterilegauze, opened. Place the tray containing thecatheter on the table after b
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