. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. 52 KU MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 19 hypothetical ancestor, and, most importantly, three intervals, INT(A), INT(B), and INT(X) (Fig. ). Table —Data matrix for Wagner calculations with a hypothetical ancestor (X) (Example ). Taxon Characters ANC 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 1 1 0 0 0 0 B 1 0 1 0 1 0 X (median) 1 0 0 0 0 0 A (1 1 0 000) INT(A). B(1 0 1 0 1 0) INT(B) INT(X) ANC (000000) Fig. —A branched Wagner tree with a new hypothetical ancestor (X) and t
. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. 52 KU MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 19 hypothetical ancestor, and, most importantly, three intervals, INT(A), INT(B), and INT(X) (Fig. ). Table —Data matrix for Wagner calculations with a hypothetical ancestor (X) (Example ). Taxon Characters ANC 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 1 1 0 0 0 0 B 1 0 1 0 1 0 X (median) 1 0 0 0 0 0 A (1 1 0 000) INT(A). B(1 0 1 0 1 0) INT(B) INT(X) ANC (000000) Fig. —A branched Wagner tree with a new hypothetical ancestor (X) and three intervals (Example ). 6. We return to step 4 of the algorithm, adding the next taxon that shows the least difference from ANC. By default, this is taxon C, but where do we add C? The algorithm states that it should be added to that interval that has the smallest difference from C. Therefore, we must calculate three interval difference values, one for each interval in the tree. The formula for figuring the difference between a taxon and an interval requires finding the difference between the taxon added and the ancestor of the taxon already in the tree, hi this case, there are two ancestors. You already know the difference between C and ANC (D = 4, see above). But, you haven't calculated the difference between A, B, or C and the new ancestor, X, and you haven't calculated the differences between C and A or C and B. This is the first step. D(A,X) = IX() - X(X,/)I = 1 D(B,X) = IX(B,/)-X(X,/)l = 2 D(C,X) = IX(C,/) - X(X,/)I = 3 D(C,A) = IX(C,/) - X(A,/)I = 4 D(C,B) = IX(C,/)-X(B,/)l = 3 D(X,ANC) = IX(C,/) - X(ANC,/)I = 1. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wiley, E. O. Lawrence, Kan. : Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas
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