. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 22-32 Remote Sensing of the Ocean. 1 2 3 *» 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CHANGE IN SALINITY (%) Figure Uncertainty in molecular temperature T, measured by a GHz radiometer, due to changes in salinity of the world's oceans (after Hidy et al, 1971). Stogryn's calculations, illustrated in (), show a number of significant features. Brightness tempera- ture strongly depends on polarization, as previously shown for the smooth ocean case in
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 22-32 Remote Sensing of the Ocean. 1 2 3 *» 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CHANGE IN SALINITY (%) Figure Uncertainty in molecular temperature T, measured by a GHz radiometer, due to changes in salinity of the world's oceans (after Hidy et al, 1971). Stogryn's calculations, illustrated in (), show a number of significant features. Brightness tempera- ture strongly depends on polarization, as previously shown for the smooth ocean case in () (Lewis et al., 1954). For vertical polarization, roughness of the ocean tends to increase the brightness temperature at 4'55°. The fact that vertically polarized brightness temperature is independent of wind speed at ^ = 55° may be used to advantage in multi-frequency scanning from satellites. For horizontal polarization, ocean roughness produces insignificant changes in brightness temperature at ^ = 0 and has maximum change at * values near 60°. The principle cause of this phenomenon, appearing in both vertically and horizontally polarized brightness temperature, is the change in the source of reflected sky radiation which results from wind roughening of the surface. The theoretical calculations of Stogryn have been partially substantiated in experimental studies by Hollinger (1970). Using an and GHz radiometer from an ocean tower near Bermuda, Hollinger obtained polarized brightness temperatures for nadir angles from 0-75° and for wind speeds of and ms"1. His results, in (), show no significant difference between the measurements at these two frequencies. They verify the reversal in wind effect on vertically polarized brightness temperatures at ^ = 55° as calculated by Stogryn. They are in excellent quantitative agreement with the same effect on horizontally polarized brightness temperature at ^ = 55°, as is evident by comparison
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