Diesel engines for land and marine work . es,the vertical line representing the pressure, and the hori-zontal line the volume of the gas at every stage of com-pression and expansion, and these curves are the indicatordiagrams of perfect engines working on the various 3 represents the constant temperature cycle, the lineOP denoting the pressures, and OF the volumes of the represents the compression line in which the gas is com-pressed adiabatically from the point b where the volume isV2, the pressure Po, and the temperature Ti, to the point c,where the pressure is P3 the volu
Diesel engines for land and marine work . es,the vertical line representing the pressure, and the hori-zontal line the volume of the gas at every stage of com-pression and expansion, and these curves are the indicatordiagrams of perfect engines working on the various 3 represents the constant temperature cycle, the lineOP denoting the pressures, and OF the volumes of the represents the compression line in which the gas is com-pressed adiabatically from the point b where the volume isV2, the pressure Po, and the temperature Ti, to the point c,where the pressure is P3 the volume V3, and the temi^eratureT3. Heat is taken in from c to d, at constant temperatureT3, the pressure and volume at d, being P4 and V4 respec-tively. From d to a is adiabatic expansion, the pressure,volume, and temperature at a, being Pi, Vi, and Ti, GENERAL THEORY OF HEAT ENGINES 15 respectively. From a to b heat is rejected at the constanttemperature Ti, this completing the cycle. Tne efficiency of an engine working on this cycle may be. V3 Fig. 3 •2 4 r/ -Constant Temperature Cycle Diagram. yi V readily expressed in terms of the top and bottom limits oftemperature during the process. If Q3 = the heat taken in by the gas andQi = the heat rejected at the lowest temperature,then Q3 — Qi =the heat usefully employed in doing work,and the efficiency of the cycle is represented by the ex-pression Q3 - Qi n = Q= As generallj^ Q = tvkT, where w is the weight of gas andh its specific heat it follows that since neither iv nor k vary IG DIESEL ENGINES FOR LAND AND MARINE WORK during the cycle the quantity of heat is always directlyproportional to the absolute temperature, or the efficiencyof the cycle is This expression represents the efficiency of the constanttemperature cycle, T3 being the top temperature and T^the bottom temperature during the complete cj^cle. No actual engine can have an efficiency so high as theideal constant temperature engine, and an ordinarily effi-cient stea
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