. How to know human nature: its inner states and outer forms. pretation of Tempera-ment. CHAPTER V THE MENTAL QUALITIES We now approach the subject of the severalparticular mental qualities, and the groupsthereof, both in the phase of their inner statesand that of their outer form. In the consid-eration of both of these phases we must availourselves of the investigations and researchesof the old phrenologists who cleared a pathfor all who follow. Although many of thephrenological theories are rejected by mod-ern psychologists and biologists, neverthe-less their work established a firm foundati
. How to know human nature: its inner states and outer forms. pretation of Tempera-ment. CHAPTER V THE MENTAL QUALITIES We now approach the subject of the severalparticular mental qualities, and the groupsthereof, both in the phase of their inner statesand that of their outer form. In the consid-eration of both of these phases we must availourselves of the investigations and researchesof the old phrenologists who cleared a pathfor all who follow. Although many of thephrenological theories are rejected by mod-ern psychologists and biologists, neverthe-less their work established a firm foundationfor the science of the study of the brain andits functions. And to Gall and his followerswe are indebted for the discovery and teach-ing that the activity and development of theseveral mental qualities or faculties mani-fest in outer form in the shape of the skull. The general principles of phrenology maybe briefly stated as follows: I. The Brain is the organ of the mind. IL The mind is not a single entity orpower, but has several faculties, stronger or68. Fig. 1the mental qualities 70 Human Natube weaker, which determine the character ofthe individual. III. That each faculty or propensity hasa special organ in the brain. IV. The size of the brain (the qualitybeing equal) is the true measure of power. V. There are several groups of faculties,and each group is represented by organs lo-cated in the same region of the brain. VI. The relative size of each organ resultsfrom the activity of its appropriate faculty. VII. The size of the organ is indicated bythe appearance and size of the skull imme-diately over the region of the organ. VIII. The Quality and Temperament ofthe organization determine the degree ofvigor, activity, and endurance of the mentalpowers. Modern psychology and biology claim tohave disproven many of the phrenologicalcontentions, while other lines of investiga-tion have given us other theories to accountfor the phenomena first noted by the phren-ologists. Some i
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