. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. November, 1961 Smith: Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois 77 Habits.—Fowler's toad is one of the most conspicuous amphibians in the southern half of Illinois and it is abundant in almost all suitable habitats. It may be encountered day or night; during the hottest part of the summer it is found less frequently during. Fig. 64.—Distribution of Bufo icoodhotisei. Hatching indicates the presumed range of the subspecies foivleri in Illinois; solid circles indicate localities represented by specimens examined during this study; open circles, localities
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. November, 1961 Smith: Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois 77 Habits.—Fowler's toad is one of the most conspicuous amphibians in the southern half of Illinois and it is abundant in almost all suitable habitats. It may be encountered day or night; during the hottest part of the summer it is found less frequently during. Fig. 64.—Distribution of Bufo icoodhotisei. Hatching indicates the presumed range of the subspecies foivleri in Illinois; solid circles indicate localities represented by specimens examined during this study; open circles, localities represented by published records believed to be valid. The lower map depicts the total range of the species in the United States. the day than at night. This toad feeds on insects and probably on earthworms; cap- tive individuals, however, are reluctant to eat worms. Breeding occurs from late April until late June, the peak occurring in mid-May. The song is a prolonged nasal scream. The eggs are laid in long strings similar to those of B. americanus charlestnitlii. Hatching oc- curs in approximately a week, and the tad- poles transform from late June through July. Illinois Distribution.—Fowler's toad is extremely common in the southern half of Illinois, fig. 64. In west-central Illinois, it is abundant along the Mississippi and Illi- nois rivers, which provide sand areas or sandy floodplalns. In the Mississippi River valley north of Mercer County, an area containing seemingly ideal habitat of sand prairie, records for Fowler's toad are lack- ing, despite considerable field work in north- western Illinois and adjacent Iowa. In east- central Illinois, these toads are extremely sporadic in occurrence in the black soil north of the Shelbyville Moraine. Where B. woodhousei foiuleri and B. a. americanus occur together in northern Illi- nois, there is a tendency for fowleri to oc- cupy sandy areas and stream or lake mar- gins. Evidence that a combination of soil type and tempera
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