Ground water in San Joaquin Valley, California . Basins different in character andsituation, but originating nevertheless in climatic conditions, are theoverflow basins of the Sacramento and the lower San Joaquin valleys,of which the Yolo basin may be mentioned as a type. These basinsoccupy the lowest portions of the flood plains just outside the ridgesthat form the immediate river banks. The central valley opens to San Francisco Bay and thence to thePacific through Carquinez Straits and the Golden Gate, and the com-bined drainages of the Sacramento and San Joaquin systems dis-charge through t
Ground water in San Joaquin Valley, California . Basins different in character andsituation, but originating nevertheless in climatic conditions, are theoverflow basins of the Sacramento and the lower San Joaquin valleys,of which the Yolo basin may be mentioned as a type. These basinsoccupy the lowest portions of the flood plains just outside the ridgesthat form the immediate river banks. The central valley opens to San Francisco Bay and thence to thePacific through Carquinez Straits and the Golden Gate, and the com-bined drainages of the Sacramento and San Joaquin systems dis-charge through these gateways. Other passes, like the Tehachapi,the Tejon, and Walker Pass near the south end of San Joaquin Valleyand the Livermore Valley gateway near Carquinez Straits, extend 16 GROUND WATER IN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY. across the mountain barriers that surround the central lowland, butthey are not so low nor so pronounced as the central tidal general it may be said that the Great Valley is completely inclosedexcept for this Figure 1.—Index map showing location of San Joaquin Valley (shaded area). The larger lobe of the central depression, extending southwardfrom Cosumnes River and Suisun Bay, is generally known as SanJoaquin Valley, although it is not all drained directly by San JoaquinRiver and its tributaries. The southern, more arid third of the de-pression, extending from Kings River delta to Tehachapi Mountains,has no surface outlet under normal conditions, and the surplus surfacewaters accumulate in the Tulare Lake depression and Buena Vista GE0GBAPH1 OF THE VALLEY. 17 reservoir. Originally Kern Lake received a portion of the excessfrom Kern River, but through tin4 protection afforded In a restrain-ing dike water is kept out of it except when unusual Hoods breakthe restraining dam. The original lake* bottoms have now becomevaluable wheat lands. The streams that drain into the valley from the Sierra carry prac-tically all of the water that reaches it.
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