. Cassier's magazine . hichslopes at such an angle that the sta-bility of the dam is assured evenunder the greatest floods, the weightof the water acting to hold it down,so that the higher the flood thegreater the stability. The down-stream side is also sloping and tapersoff into a long apron so designed asto take care of any overflow whichmay occur without shock or commo-tion. The dam is founded on solidrock throughout its entire length. At the south end of the dam is asluiceway having a discharge ca-pacity of 8,000 feet per second, andcontrolled by hand-operated at the north en
. Cassier's magazine . hichslopes at such an angle that the sta-bility of the dam is assured evenunder the greatest floods, the weightof the water acting to hold it down,so that the higher the flood thegreater the stability. The down-stream side is also sloping and tapersoff into a long apron so designed asto take care of any overflow whichmay occur without shock or commo-tion. The dam is founded on solidrock throughout its entire length. At the south end of the dam is asluiceway having a discharge ca-pacity of 8,000 feet per second, andcontrolled by hand-operated at the north end is the in-take to the pipes supplying the consists of a concrete chamberor forebav into which the water is admitted by eight openings, 8 feetin diameter, controlled by hand-operated gates and provided withscreens for the exclusion of trash. The two main pipes are of rivetedsteel construction, 15 feet 6 inchesin diameter and 2,350 feet are the second largest steelpipes in the country; a realizing. :4WHBHafL 1TON AND MONTANA SMELTER AT GREAT FALLS. SHOWING 500-FOOT STACK THE HIGHEST STACK IN THE WORLD 278 CASSIERS MAGAZINE sense of their size may be obtainedby comparison with some familiarobject; for example, they are largeenough to readily allow a standardrailway passenger coach to passthrough from end to end. Theamount of steel used in their con-struction was 2,471 tons, or 62 car-loads, and 436,000 rivets were em-ployed, while the steel plates, if laidflat, would cover five acres ofground. Both the inlet and outlet ends ofthe pipes are enlarged to form bellmouths, thus making the changes inthe velocity of the water gradual andminimizing the loss of head. Stoplog guides are provided at each end,so that either pipe can be shut downtemporarily and emptied for inspec-tion or painting while the other re-mains in operation and supplies waterto the plant. The balancing reservoir into whichthe main pipes discharge performsthe important function of keeping thefl
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