. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. incarnation permanent from age to every community has its Ali-Ol-lahi, or local godhead—a personage sup-posed to contain a measure of deity in-carnated, to whom the members of thetribe render idolatrous service. Thereare certain localities which


. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. incarnation permanent from age to every community has its Ali-Ol-lahi, or local godhead—a personage sup-posed to contain a measure of deity in-carnated, to whom the members of thetribe render idolatrous service. Thereare certain localities which, like the an-cient oracles, are held in superstitiousawe. In some cases the rights andhonors of the godhead are hereditary incertain families. In a word, the severesimplicity of the original Islamite faithhas degenerated in many parts of Kur-distan to a condition below the level ofan intelligent paganism. The person and physiognomy of theKurds are well marked, and not unat-tractive. The features Features and are sharply drawn and del- ^,^::-icate. The complexion is fair. The face has great am-plitude, and the forehead is broad andhigh. The eyes are bright, and thoughdeep-set and dark, have an expressionof kindly intelligence. Like the Per-sians, the Kurds have fine mustaches,and well-shaped, even beautiful, hands. THE ARAMAEANS.—MODERN KURDS. 09c and feet. The proportion of the bodyis perfect, and the bearing of the per-son elegant and easy. There have notbeen wanting critical judges who havepronounced the Kurds the finest peoplephysically of all the Asiatics. The out-door life, which still to a great measureprevails, has done much to preserve theelasticity and sinewy strength of thepeople. As horsemen, they are almostas expert as the ever-memorable Medo-Persians of antiquity. The Kurdishwomen in youth are as beautiful as anyto be found east of the Mediterranean;but it has been observed by travelersthat their beauty fades at an early periodof life, giving


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea