. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. SfRtrCTURE OP A JOINT 245 Movable joints. — There are four classes of movable joints. To these, according to the method of joining, are given the names, ball and socket, hinge, gliding and pivot joints. The best examples of the first type are the joints of the arms and legs with the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle respectively. The knee and elbow illustrate the second type. The third type is found in the joinings of the bones Avhich make up the WTists and ankles (carpals and tarsals). These bones slide over on
. A text-book in general physiology and anatomy. Physiology, Comparative; Anatomy. SfRtrCTURE OP A JOINT 245 Movable joints. — There are four classes of movable joints. To these, according to the method of joining, are given the names, ball and socket, hinge, gliding and pivot joints. The best examples of the first type are the joints of the arms and legs with the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle respectively. The knee and elbow illustrate the second type. The third type is found in the joinings of the bones Avhich make up the WTists and ankles (carpals and tarsals). These bones slide over one another and thiis give flexibility to these parts. A fourth type is illus- trated by the union of the axis and atlas and the ulna and radius at the elbow. Structure of a joint. — The joint in a leg of lamb fur- nishes a very good example of the structure of a joint. After all the flesh is removed the two bones will be seen to be held together by tough bands of connective tissue called ligaments. These bands are so arranged as to permit of motion in certain direc- tions, and at the same time prevent too great a separation of the bone ends. Cut- ting away these bands, the smooth ends of the bones with their caps of cartilage are seen. These caps prevent friction where the two surfaces rub together. As the ligaments are cut there escapes a thin, slimy liquid of the consistency of a white of egg. This liquid is called the. Fig. 99 — Section of a hinge Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Eddy, Walter Hollis, b. 1877. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American book Co
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