. Orchestration . THE OBOE 217 This faculty which all the Reeds possess of emphasizing the spitefuland the mischievous by means of their dry staccatos has often beenused to advantage in modern In especial the Oboe has acurious un-Oboe like quality in its extreme registers. Its lower fifthparticularly, with its somewhat coarse and over-reedy tone-colour, hasbeen often turned to account as a sort of English-Horn effect. One ofthe earliest examples of the conscious use of this tone-quality is to befound in Act II. Scene IV. of Lohengrin. The two Oboes are on theirlow D in unison and make


. Orchestration . THE OBOE 217 This faculty which all the Reeds possess of emphasizing the spitefuland the mischievous by means of their dry staccatos has often beenused to advantage in modern In especial the Oboe has acurious un-Oboe like quality in its extreme registers. Its lower fifthparticularly, with its somewhat coarse and over-reedy tone-colour, hasbeen often turned to account as a sort of English-Horn effect. One ofthe earliest examples of the conscious use of this tone-quality is to befound in Act II. Scene IV. of Lohengrin. The two Oboes are on theirlow D in unison and make a crescendo to a fortepiano. EXAMPLE 137. Lebhaft. Wagner. Lohengrin. z 2 Oboes. 2nd Violins. Violas. ORTRUD. Cellos andDouble-Basses.(The latter sounding an octave lower.). In writing for the Oboe the student must remember that thedifficulty of the instrument, as far as the players lungs are concerned,is precisely the opposite to that of the heavy Brass. In the latterinstruments a huge quantity of breath is required to keep the air-column in vibration. A lengthy sostenuto is therefore very the other hand, with the Oboe almost no breath is sostenuto, therefore, can be maintained either p or / for anindefinite time. These Oboe sostenutos are often employed withexcellent musical results, even when the rest of the orchestra is playingin some definite rhythmical pattern. Long sostenutos, however, makevery great demands on the muscles controlling the lungs, chest, andlips. The player is in fact in a continual state of tension. Exceptwhen taking breath he can only allow a thin stream of wind to escapethrough the pipe. The rest of his breathing apparatus is in much thesame state as the wind-chest of an organ with the weights atop. The sos


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