The outlines of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene Being an edition of The essentials of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, rev to conform to the legislation making the effects of alcohol and other narcotics upon the human system a mandatory study in public schools . ach other. Only oneof them is directly under the control of the will, andevery one can do more toward preventing dyspep-sia and other disorders of the digestive organs, bypaying some attention to the proper and completemastication of his food than in almost any otherway. If we examine the mouth, with reference toits uses in masticati
The outlines of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene Being an edition of The essentials of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, rev to conform to the legislation making the effects of alcohol and other narcotics upon the human system a mandatory study in public schools . ach other. Only oneof them is directly under the control of the will, andevery one can do more toward preventing dyspep-sia and other disorders of the digestive organs, bypaying some attention to the proper and completemastication of his food than in almost any otherway. If we examine the mouth, with reference toits uses in mastication, we find it prepared to per-form three great and important functions. 87. Use of the Taste and Smell.—In the firstplace, it is provided with an organ of taste, to assistus in selecting our food. In this it is aided by theproximity of the nose, so that we have the addi-tional advantage of the sense of sinelL And thenose is not only so situated as to aid us in judgingof food before it enters the mouth, but it is con-nected with the throat behind, so that odors aredetected from substances already in the mouth. 88. The Teeth.—In the second place, the mouthis provided with organs for grinding and crushingthe hard parts of the food, and reducing them to a. 68 ORGANS OF REPAIR, soft mass, fit to be acted upon by the fluids in thestomach and intestines. The organs directly ofuse in this operation are the teeth (Fig. 20), butessential aid is aftorded by the mus-cles of the cheeks and the rows of teeth are narrow, and,except for the action of these mus-cles, the food could not be kept be-tween them. Indeed, it has beenfound that in cases of paralysis,when the muscles of the cheek areunable to contract, while the tongue ^ o .• r ° Fig. 20.—Section of a still retains its power, the food gets tooth. The blackpushed out between the cheek and portion is the cav-the teeth, and accumulates there. ntr^eTnf bioodtThe lower jaw is moved by some the most powerfully
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