. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. THE LIFE-HISTOEY OF PLANTS. By Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, AND ROOT-STOCKS. PROM what has been said in previous chapters, it will he evident that the popular concep- tion of a root is widely different from that entei- tained by the botanist. To the ordi- nary obser- ver any por- tion of the plant that is beneath the soil is a root. But, quite ir- respective ly of the acci- dent of po- sition, the botanist re- cognises the root as a dis- tinct organ by its exter- nal confor- mation and internal structure,
. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. THE LIFE-HISTOEY OF PLANTS. By Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, AND ROOT-STOCKS. PROM what has been said in previous chapters, it will he evident that the popular concep- tion of a root is widely different from that entei- tained by the botanist. To the ordi- nary obser- ver any por- tion of the plant that is beneath the soil is a root. But, quite ir- respective ly of the acci- dent of po- sition, the botanist re- cognises the root as a dis- tinct organ by its exter- nal confor- mation and internal structure, by its mode of growth, and more espe- â cially by the work that it has to do. There are, however, cer- tain organs more or less intermediate between roots and stems, and to some extent having the properties of both, to which a few words may with advantage be at this point Subterranean Stem of Carex, with shoots produce J in succession during four years, and giving off roots from the under surface. Fig. E-oot-stocks.âClosely allied, indeed, both in structure and in function to the bulbs, tubers, and other underground developments of which mention has already been made, are the ''rhizomes" or root-stocks," or, as they are sometimes called, the " ; It is impossible to draw any sharply- â¢defined line of definition between these and the pre- ceding organs on the one hand, and roots taken in a general sense on the other, nor in this place is it at all necessary to attempt to do so. They vary in form in different plants, and serve as means to dis- criminate between different species, on which ac- count alone they should be carefully noted by the student, while as fmnishing indications for appro- priate modes of cultiva- tion they are of the high- est impoi-t- ance. Gene- rally, they are imder- ground stems or branches, more or less elongated vertically or horizontally, or develop- ments of the caulicle (sec Vol. I., p. 87); usually rather thi
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