. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 2480. Extra free pistils of the orange persisting even in fruit. guish between malformation and variation, except arbi- traril}'. When the difference between the ordinary and nnnsual forms is very marked, and particularly when the alteration gives rise to grotesque forms, having al- tered functions, one speaks
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 2480. Extra free pistils of the orange persisting even in fruit. guish between malformation and variation, except arbi- traril}'. When the difference between the ordinary and nnnsual forms is very marked, and particularly when the alteration gives rise to grotesque forms, having al- tered functions, one speaks of malformation rather than variation. Malformations have been found in all groups of plants, thougli they are most noticeable in the ferns and flowering plants. A very large iiundjer have been recorded; Peiizig (see below) has collected data of monstrosities in more than 4,000 species, and the list has been augmented since the publication of his work. Classification of such numerous and diverse ]ihenomena is a most diflieult task and involves an extensive technical terminology. Here only a few of the more important categories can be mentioned. 1. Altekation in the Numbek axl> Size of Oroans. 1. P/r/oiiicri; is the term applied to the increase in the nunfljer of leaf-like organs. The number of members of a whorl nuiy be increased; or the number of whorls; or the numlier of distributed organs may become greater than usual. Double flowers often show plei- omery. Fig. 200:;. Extra free pistils of the orange, persisting even in tlie fruit, are shown in Fig. 2480. More regular polycarpy appears occasionally in the tomato, and constantly in the "two-story" apples (St. Valery). It is a flxed race character in the Washington or Navel orange, in which it is associated with seed- lessness. A similar example of polycarpy is shown at Fig. 2hs]. in which the abnormal growth is an exten- sion of the axis of growth w'ith additional carpels. 2. Ahuormi'tlhj profuse hrrtiiching of
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