. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 186 Vocalizations: Territorial song ( a"-g'. a"-c") consists of short verses s long comprising sequences of whistled and slightly frequency-modulated notes. Notes are arranged in 3-4 clearly separated frequency bands: notes or small note groups of the indi- vidual bands follow each other. This simple syntax scheme still allows much variation as to verse types. Consequently, the repertoire of the individual 6 is large. Of a sequence of 12 verses 11 were different (), as were 7 verses of another S shown in Fig
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 186 Vocalizations: Territorial song ( a"-g'. a"-c") consists of short verses s long comprising sequences of whistled and slightly frequency-modulated notes. Notes are arranged in 3-4 clearly separated frequency bands: notes or small note groups of the indi- vidual bands follow each other. This simple syntax scheme still allows much variation as to verse types. Consequently, the repertoire of the individual 6 is large. Of a sequence of 12 verses 11 were different (), as were 7 verses of another S shown in '- g'. The temporal pattern of consecutive notes is complicated: many notes that follow each other overlap slightly, indicating that the 2 syrinx tympana produce different notes simul- taneously. Frequency bandwidth is extremely narrow, sometimes reduced to slightly more than 1 kHz (, i), maximum near kHz (;). Intervals between the different frequency bands are between 400 and 500 Hz wide. The whistles qualify this song as tor- rent-adapted but not the upper frequency range, which is not high enough (Martens & Ge- duldig 1990). Aural impression is that of a silvery clear but somewhat compressed verse. The birds sing while hidden in the lower bush layer within closed forests, and are rarely to be seen. Grandala coelicolor Hodgson Material: 2 specimens: D Myagdi Distr., ascent to Jungla Banjyang from S (Dhorpatan). resting place Phurbang, 4150m, 1973: 26. Measurements: Wing-L and 146mm. - Tail-L 87 and mm. - Bill-L and mm. - Tarsus-L and 29mm. - WTI and - TWI and Notes: Bill and feet black; gonads maximally developed, 10 and : Territorial song of Cinclidium leiiciirum. - a-lj 1st c. Mure/Hurue 11.\; a'-g") 2nd S, Kathmandu Valley. Sheopuri Mt. 25 VI. 1988; a"-c") 3rd c?, Chichila 20VI. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, booksubjectzoology
