. Elements of modern chemistry . ax combines with the chlorine,while the carbon is set free as smoke. A piece of paper satu-rated with oil of turpentine takes fire spontaneously whenintroduced into a jar of chlorine, producing a dense cloud ofsmoke ; the turpentine contains only carbon and hydrogen thelatter is attacked by the chlorine, the former being set free. Chlorine is also an efficacious disinfectant. It decomposeshydrogen sulphide. It destroys odorous matters of organicorigin, the elfluvia resulting from putrid fermentation, andthe miasms which are sometimes diffiised in the air. It 11
. Elements of modern chemistry . ax combines with the chlorine,while the carbon is set free as smoke. A piece of paper satu-rated with oil of turpentine takes fire spontaneously whenintroduced into a jar of chlorine, producing a dense cloud ofsmoke ; the turpentine contains only carbon and hydrogen thelatter is attacked by the chlorine, the former being set free. Chlorine is also an efficacious disinfectant. It decomposeshydrogen sulphide. It destroys odorous matters of organicorigin, the elfluvia resulting from putrid fermentation, andthe miasms which are sometimes diffiised in the air. It 116 ELEMENTS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY. is employed to disinfect privys, etc., and to purify the air incertain epidemics. The bleaching properties and disinfecting properties ofchlorine are due to the same cause,—its powerful affinity forhydrogen. HYDROCHLORIC ACID. Density compared to air Density compared to hydrogen Molecular weight HCl = Hydrochloric acid exists among the gaseous products disen-gaged by volcanoes. i. Preparation.—Fragments of fused common salt are intro-duced into a flask fitted with a safety-tube and delivery-tube,like that for the preparation of chlorine, and concentrated sul-phuric acid is added. Hydrochloric acid gas is disengaged, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 117 may be collected over mercury,in the retort. Sodium acid sulphate remains H^SO* + NaCl = NaHSO* + Sodium chloride. Sodium acid sulphate. HCl In the arts, the operation is conducted in cast-iron cylindersor furnaces (Fig. 41), at a high temperature. Under theseconditions, one molecule of sulphuric acid acts upon two mole-cules of sodium chloride, yielding sodium neutral sulphate,and two molecules of hydrochloric acid. H^SO* + 2NaCl = Na^SO* + 2HC1 Sodium sulphate. The hydrochloric acid gas evolved is passed into stonewarebottles, C, C, C, containing water. It is thus dissolved,and the solution obtained constitutes the muriatic acid of com-merce. A solution of hydrochloric acid may be prepa
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectchemistry, bookyear1887
