. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. J. W. KANWISHER The heat ;,irity of the calorimeter is then computed from heat capacity : — calories/degree where T is the temperature drop in the calorimeter vessel resulting from the intro- duction of the ice. If the heat capacity of a specimen were constant with temperature a number of calories equal to (T2 +7\) times its heat capacity would be required to warm it. All calories in excess of this could then be attributed to the change of state from 0° o: UJ bJ 2E or. o • • o U- O .5 I200 I 000
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. J. W. KANWISHER The heat ;,irity of the calorimeter is then computed from heat capacity : — calories/degree where T is the temperature drop in the calorimeter vessel resulting from the intro- duction of the ice. If the heat capacity of a specimen were constant with temperature a number of calories equal to (T2 +7\) times its heat capacity would be required to warm it. All calories in excess of this could then be attributed to the change of state from 0° o: UJ bJ 2E or. o • • o U- O .5 I200 I 000 800 cr o MODIOLUS MODIOLUS HEAT OF FUSION. 600 CORRECTION FOR SPECIFIC HEAT OF ICE TEMP. 20 15 10 -5 - 10 -15 FIGURE 1. Graph showing ice formation in the mussel Modiolus modiolus. The shaded portion represents the calories used in the melting of ice. All points are from a single in- dividual. The heat capacity of the animal changes as more ice is formed, resulting in the correction shown. ice to water. This is not strictly true since the specific heat of ice is half that of water. As more ice is formed the heat capacity of the animal is correspondingly lowered. This results in the correction shown in Figure 1. The rigorous equation of Ditman ct al. (1942) is difficult to apply and in actual practice some of the terms are very small. The graphical method used here is believed to have an accuracy commensurate with the experimental technique. Ice determinations were made on animals frozen normally on the shore. They were placed directly in the calorimeter with a heavily gloved hand. Values ob- tained were essentially the same as for the animals frozen in the laboratory. The bivalves were wedged open and all excess sea water forcibly shaken from them. They closed normally when the wedge was removed. They were then. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these i
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