. Effects of pollutants on marine organisms : deliberations and recommendations of the NSF/IDOE Effects of Pollutants on Marine Organisms Workshop, held in Sidney, British Columbia, August 11-14, 1974 . Concentration of Petroleum R Figure 4. Effects of petroleum oils on activity of barnacle nauplii. Ordinate, per- centage of larvae in the bottom fraction of the experimental tube; abscissa, concen- tration of oil-stock (water soluble fraction). Curves A, Crankcase motor oil, B, No. 2 Fuel oil (API); C, Bunker C; D, Venezuelan crude; E, Alaskan crude; F. Southern Louisiana crude. naphthalene, na
. Effects of pollutants on marine organisms : deliberations and recommendations of the NSF/IDOE Effects of Pollutants on Marine Organisms Workshop, held in Sidney, British Columbia, August 11-14, 1974 . Concentration of Petroleum R Figure 4. Effects of petroleum oils on activity of barnacle nauplii. Ordinate, per- centage of larvae in the bottom fraction of the experimental tube; abscissa, concen- tration of oil-stock (water soluble fraction). Curves A, Crankcase motor oil, B, No. 2 Fuel oil (API); C, Bunker C; D, Venezuelan crude; E, Alaskan crude; F. Southern Louisiana crude. naphthalene, naphthalene, indan, ,4-triniethyl benzene, and 1,3,5- trimethyl benzene. Larvae of crabs (hermit, spider and stone) were equally sensitive to No. 2 fuel oil, which was deleterious to development and survival. The most striking effects were found with stone crab zoeae, the mor- tality increasing with the concentration (Fig. 5). In addition to survi- val, significant differences from controls were observed in the condition of the larvae and the rate of development. Higher concentrations of oil retarded growth and inhibited molting of hermit and spider crab larvae, the effects appearing at a concentration of ppm. Larvae of benthic animals during their planktonic existence have stereotyped activity patterns which lead them to suitable positions for feeding and dispersal; later, when they approach metamorphosis, be- havioral responses enable them to choose suitable places to settle. In- terference with normal activity places larvae in jeopardy; for example, barnacle larvae (nauplii) are attracted to light and swim upwards in the water column; petroleum oils at low levels abolish this response and, therefore, interfere with the animals' normal mechanism of dis- persion. Most of the Texas experiments have been carried out with coastal and inshore species, which are more readily available, but the inves- tigations are being extended to offshore pelagic species. An example 32
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