Ecological animal geography; an authorized, rewritten edition based on Tiergeographie auf ockologischer grundlage . ecologicalanimal00hess Year: 1937 Fig. 36 Fig. 35.—Littorina rudis, upper, European seas, and Nerita Juniculata, lower, the Indian Ocean. Natural size. Fig. 36.—Shell of Patella xmlgata from the side, and outlines of the shell, from rough and smooth surfaces. After Russell. bays. It is an extremely adaptable animal, and one may accordingly conclude that it is not the physical conditions but the biocoenotic re- lations that condition its abundance. In the surf the individuals are
Ecological animal geography; an authorized, rewritten edition based on Tiergeographie auf ockologischer grundlage . ecologicalanimal00hess Year: 1937 Fig. 36 Fig. 35.—Littorina rudis, upper, European seas, and Nerita Juniculata, lower, the Indian Ocean. Natural size. Fig. 36.—Shell of Patella xmlgata from the side, and outlines of the shell, from rough and smooth surfaces. After Russell. bays. It is an extremely adaptable animal, and one may accordingly conclude that it is not the physical conditions but the biocoenotic re- lations that condition its abundance. In the surf the individuals are small but thick shelled and with a strong byssus. Where the wave action is weaker, algal growths of Fucus gain the ascendancy over them; at transitional areas thin patches of Fucus are interspersed with Mytilus colonies. At other places enemies, such as the starfish Asterias and the codling, keep them in check, for example, in the eelgrass meadows of the Danish In the Bay of St. Malo, Mytilus has disappeared entirely with the increase of the The surf zone, however, and also the brackish water, are closed to these predators, so that the mussel can flourish there. It is not unlikely that the exclusion of enemies and more favored competitors by wave action has operated
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