. North Dakota history and people; outlines of American history. ornaments, beads,thread, needles, wampum, horses, etc. There was a struggle among all the traders to obtain the beaver Biddle, writing from personal knowledge of the fur trade, to Atkinson, gives the following account of the bickerings between traders:— The Indians, witnessing the eflforts of these people to cheat and injure eachother, and knowing no more important white men, readily imbibe the idea thatall white men are bad. The imposing appearance of the army equipment of thewhite men (reference to the Ye
. North Dakota history and people; outlines of American history. ornaments, beads,thread, needles, wampum, horses, etc. There was a struggle among all the traders to obtain the beaver Biddle, writing from personal knowledge of the fur trade, to Atkinson, gives the following account of the bickerings between traders:— The Indians, witnessing the eflforts of these people to cheat and injure eachother, and knowing no more important white men, readily imbibe the idea thatall white men are bad. The imposing appearance of the army equipment of thewhite men (reference to the Yellowstone Expedition of i8ig), and the noveltyand convenience of their merchandise, had impressed the Indians with a highidea of their power and importance, but the avidity with which beaver skins aresought after, the tricks and wrangling made use of, and the degradations sub-mitted to in obtaining them, have induced a belief that the whites cannot existwithout them, and have made a great change in their opinion of our importance,our justice, and our A GROUP OF OLD TIME TRADERS Colonel Robert Wilson, seated: Left to right standing; John Smitli Jack Morrow, A. C. Leighton I —WUMMMiI HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA I6S INDIAN OPPOSITION TO SETTLERS The ability of the Indians to find a ready market for their furs^ and otherproducts of the chase, and to obtain credit, led them to bitterly oppose theencroachment of settlers, and in this they were encouraged by tlie traders,,whose interests were identical with the Indians in this respect. In someinstances the Indians refused annuities due them from the United StatesGovernment, and murdered their fellow tribesmen for accepting presents from,the United States officials, believing that they had, in some manner, betrayedtheir interests. It was under the influence of the traders that they refused to make treaties,,and under pressure from them that they consented, when it was possible considerable sums to pay alleged debts,
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