Explosives . cooled with waterwould have cracked with the changes of temperature. But with the improve-ments that were made in the manufacture of earthen and stone-ware tins hasbeen altered. The Guttmann condensing battery has been much used (Fig. 20.)It consists of a number of vertical stone-ware pipes immersed in a tank throughwhich water circulates ; at the bottom these pipes are connected by cross-pieces in such a way that whilst the fumes have to pass up and down the pipesone after the other, the condensed acid flows along from one cross-piece toanother through inverted siphons and finall
Explosives . cooled with waterwould have cracked with the changes of temperature. But with the improve-ments that were made in the manufacture of earthen and stone-ware tins hasbeen altered. The Guttmann condensing battery has been much used (Fig. 20.)It consists of a number of vertical stone-ware pipes immersed in a tank throughwhich water circulates ; at the bottom these pipes are connected by cross-pieces in such a way that whilst the fumes have to pass up and down the pipesone after the other, the condensed acid flows along from one cross-piece toanother through inverted siphons and finally to the storage tank. 107 Iu8 EXPLOSIVES In the Yalentiner plant (Fig. 21) Btone-ware coils arc used, ami these arealso adopted now by many who do not work by Yak-miners system. Whenfirst introduced there were frequent breakages, especially at the upper extremity where the coil entered the water. The coils could he repaired bythe addition of a piece of lead pipe joined on. for the Btrong acid ha- hut little. Fig. 1!». Xitri<- Acid Still action upon it. Such breakages are aoi so frequenl now : they can he avoidedto a large extent by not immersing the firsl coil in water, but cooling it byrunning water over cloths laid on the coil. Coils can now he obtained madeof fused silica or vitreosil as much as - inch. - in diameter and 60 feel are much more resistant than stone-ware and can be repaired whenbroken. The principal peculiarity of Dr. Yalentiner- system is that the distillation NITRIC ACID 109 is carried out in vacuo. At the end of the series of condensers and jars shownin Fig. 21 there is a vacuum pump, which with every stroke draws in somecaustic soda solution to prevent the acid fumes attacking the metal of the c2 (^ ? fcrmK
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidexp, booksubjectexplosives
