. Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Mosquitoes. Fig. 85. Culiseta antipodea (after Dobrotworsky, 1962). a—hypopygium of the male; b—head; c—terminal end of the 4th-instar larva; d—siphon (from below). Distribution (Fig. 87). USA (everywhere in the southern, central, eastern and northeastern states; in the west and southwest only in Colorado and Washington; in the north, in Iowa, Wisconsin, Michi- gan and Nebraska) and Mexico (Baja California peninsula). Biology. These are predominantly forest mosquitoes of the plains. Not known from human
. Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Mosquitoes. Fig. 85. Culiseta antipodea (after Dobrotworsky, 1962). a—hypopygium of the male; b—head; c—terminal end of the 4th-instar larva; d—siphon (from below). Distribution (Fig. 87). USA (everywhere in the southern, central, eastern and northeastern states; in the west and southwest only in Colorado and Washington; in the north, in Iowa, Wisconsin, Michi- gan and Nebraska) and Mexico (Baja California peninsula). Biology. These are predominantly forest mosquitoes of the plains. Not known from human habitations. Attack mainly birds, more rarely wild mammals and from time to time humans living close to the breeding sites. These mosquitoes have been reported as the main vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) and responsible for the spreading of this virus in nature (among birds), as additional vectors of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and possibly of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE). The preimaginal stages are eurytopic but prefer isothermal (in the north) and moder- 165 ately hypothermal range (in the south) water pools without dense shading and with /3-mesosaprobic water. Life forms are diverse: in the north, the mosquitoes are polycyclic with female diapause (II); in the south, polycyclic without essential diapause (VIII). The life form VII, polycyclic with diapause possibly in the larva, pupa and adult stages, has been reported in New Jersey; life form IV, polycyc- lic with larval diapause, has been reported in Rhode Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Maslov, A. V; Ward, Ronald A. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Libraries : National Science Foundation
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