. Frost & fire : natural engines, tool-marks & chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller. ws from Skagastols ]Xaks,but the hollow in which it flows is not a river-mark. Contrast the shape of the peaks in the woodcut witli therounded form of the hollow which makes the middle distance,and with the trench dug by the Euikanfoss (Fig. 21, p. 98).These forms are tool-marks of weathering, rivers, and ice. Below these riven peaks, whicli are from 8000 to 9000feet al)ove the sea-level, are tiny snow-wreaths. In the glenare old ice-marks. The form of the glen and the ice-marksare rep


. Frost & fire : natural engines, tool-marks & chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller. ws from Skagastols ]Xaks,but the hollow in which it flows is not a river-mark. Contrast the shape of the peaks in the woodcut witli therounded form of the hollow which makes the middle distance,and with the trench dug by the Euikanfoss (Fig. 21, p. 98).These forms are tool-marks of weathering, rivers, and ice. Below these riven peaks, whicli are from 8000 to 9000feet al)ove the sea-level, are tiny snow-wreaths. In the glenare old ice-marks. The form of the glen and the ice-marksare repeated down to the head of the Sogne Fjord ; they may T,AN1)-ICK, ALP: ! 1)0 followed for a luindrcd miles, past Bergen, over the islands,and out to sea ; and in some of the feeders of these great sea-lochs large glaciers still survive. Further north, the Alten, Tana, Tornea, Umea, and otherrivers of northern Scandinavia, are sawing rock, but they didnot hollow out the big rock-grooves in which they and hills are rounded and ice-ground, and only thehighest peaks and sea-cliffs are Land-icarks L V U Y _^. Glen apparently -worn by a glamark ,—^. Mammitlated rocks in the glen,t by the/all and stream at the bottom of the ice-ground glen Fig. 31. Skaoastol Tinderne. Sept. 1, IBS; The Laxa did not make Laxdal and BreidfjorS Ijy wearingthe ig-neous rocks of Iceland, but they are worn. If river-marksare plain in all these glens, other older marks are fresh onthe worn stone surface. They are marks of land and sea ice. The tool-marks of rivers and weather cover a small space. 140 DENUDATION—V\U >ST-MA1;KS. All over the nortli, at least as fav soiitli as tlie Ilinialayas ;on hill-tops, and on cols 9000 feet al)o\e the present st-a-level;in glens, and even under water as far down as rocks can heseen or felt, marks remain which are ice-marks. Weather andwater are but wearing out these older tool-marks. One who looks at these for the first time, who sees knobs


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