Ontario High School History of England . and a dandy;he wrote clever novels and satires,and was full of reckless and extra-vagant audacity. He began as aRadical and ended as a Conservative,while Gladstone was first a Tory,then a Peelite, and in the end alxnost, William ewartGladstonkif not quite, a Radical. Disraelis lack (i809-i898) of seriousness and easy adjust-ment of his policy to changing conditions made him seem toGladstone, with his strong convictions, a time-server, with-out conscience. Like other leaders of his party, Disraeli wasinterested in foreign and imperial, rather than in mer
Ontario High School History of England . and a dandy;he wrote clever novels and satires,and was full of reckless and extra-vagant audacity. He began as aRadical and ended as a Conservative,while Gladstone was first a Tory,then a Peelite, and in the end alxnost, William ewartGladstonkif not quite, a Radical. Disraelis lack (i809-i898) of seriousness and easy adjust-ment of his policy to changing conditions made him seem toGladstone, with his strong convictions, a time-server, with-out conscience. Like other leaders of his party, Disraeli wasinterested in foreign and imperial, rather than in merelyhome, questions. He was master of the art of pleasingthe queen, and he secured every sign of royal favour. Gladstones reforms, including Elementary EducationAct, 1870.—Gladstone undertook many reforms. He achievedsweeping changes in Ireland (p. 502), after long and bittercontroversy. In 1871 he swept away the whole purchasesystem by which officers in the army with money could buypromotion over the heads of more deseiving but poorer. i96 HISTORY OF ENGLAND men. In 1872 he carried a Ballot Act, by which votingwas made secret, and the poorer voters were freed from in-timidation by their employers. He also improved thecondition of English education. It was still wholly inthe hands of the churches, or of private persons. Insome villages there were no schools, and even whereschools existed no law compelled the attendance of until after the Reform Bill of 1832 had Parliamentgiven any direct aid to education, and it is to the credit ofthe first reformed Parliament that it voted £20,000 forthis purpose. But the subsidy remained totally the second Reform Bill in 1867, when Britain acceptedmore than two million new voters, Robert Lowe, aleading Liberal of the time, said, We must now at leasteducate our masters, The new masters were eager forenlightenment,and at length,in 1870, an Elementaiy Educa-tion Act became law. Under this Act grants were stillmade
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