. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. CHAPTER XVI HYPOCREALES The Hypocreales are generally denned as Pyrenomycetes with a soft (not hard and carbonaceous and hence not brittle), brightly colored (white, yellow, red, violet or light brown) perithecial wall. Where systematic relationships are firmly established, occasionally we include dark-colored or hard-walled forms, such as Ophiodotis, Entonaema and Xylocrea, which according to the definition would belong to the Dothide- ales or Sphaeriales. There are so many Hypocreales that it seems impossible to give a satisfactory systematic classif
. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. CHAPTER XVI HYPOCREALES The Hypocreales are generally denned as Pyrenomycetes with a soft (not hard and carbonaceous and hence not brittle), brightly colored (white, yellow, red, violet or light brown) perithecial wall. Where systematic relationships are firmly established, occasionally we include dark-colored or hard-walled forms, such as Ophiodotis, Entonaema and Xylocrea, which according to the definition would belong to the Dothide- ales or Sphaeriales. There are so many Hypocreales that it seems impossible to give a satisfactory systematic classification. Lindau (1897) and Seaver (1910) use as the fundamental principle, the behavior of the perithecia, whether they are solitary or united in slightly or highly differentiated stromata; they realize, however, that the consistent following of this principle separates parts of the same natural genus among entirely different families. In order to lessen this difficulty, which would be very serious in the present work, we have used the septation of ascospores as the only principle of division, as advocated by Saccardo in the Sylloge Fungorum and by Moller (1901). Thus we have divided the genera selected for discussion here into three groups: the first contains the Amerosporeae (ascospores unicellular); the second includes the Didymos- porae (ascospores bicellular), the Phragmosporae (ascospores tri- and multicellular) and the Dictyosporae (ascospores reticulately septate); the third contains the Scolecosporae (ascospores filamentous, unicellu- lar at first, becoming multicellular). It is obvious that this classification is entirely artificial; it has the advantage, however, that there is rarely any doubt as to where one should seek a genus. Further, it seems that the Scolecosporae, at least, form a more natural group because of the behaviour of their ascospores; their asci are always long, slender and fine and, as far as known, always have a characteristic cap with a thread-lik
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