. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 188 THE ARTICULATIONS. the head, the small oblique, and the complexus. There is also the cord of the cervical ligament, Sijiiovial membranes.—These membranes are two in number—one for each condyle and coiTesponding atloid cavity. Sustained above, below, and outwardly by the capsular ligament, they are related inwardly to the dura mater and the fibrous tractus which, from the odontoid ligament, is carried to the internal face of the occipital condyles. Movements.—Extension, flexion, lateral inclination, and circumduction
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. 188 THE ARTICULATIONS. the head, the small oblique, and the complexus. There is also the cord of the cervical ligament, Sijiiovial membranes.—These membranes are two in number—one for each condyle and coiTesponding atloid cavity. Sustained above, below, and outwardly by the capsular ligament, they are related inwardly to the dura mater and the fibrous tractus which, from the odontoid ligament, is carried to the internal face of the occipital condyles. Movements.—Extension, flexion, lateral inclination, and circumduction, are the movements of the occipito-atloid articulation. In the Pig, Dog, and Cat, this articulation—strengthened, as it is, by the capsular and odontoido-occipital ligaments already mentioned—has only one synovial capsule. 3. Aeticulation of the Bones of the Head with each other. If we except the articulation which unites the inferior jaw to the cranium— the temporo-maxillary—and the hyoideal articulations, it will be found that all the bones of the cranium and face are united to each other by synarthrosis, forming the different kinds of sutures already generally described (p. 170). Nothing is to be gained by entering into more detail with regard to these articu- lations, as it will be found sufficient to call to mind the topographical description of each bone entering into their formation. 4. Temporo-maxillary Articulation (Fig. 125). {Preparation.—Remove the masseter muscle and the parotid gland. Saw through the head about the middle liue. Open the articulation externally, to exhibit the interarticular meniscus.) The lower jaw, in its union with the cranium, constitutes a double condyloid articulation. F'g 125. Articular surfaces.—With the temporal bone, these are the condyle, the glenoid cavity, and the supra-condyloid process at the base of the zygomatic process. The glenoid cavity is not lined by cartilage, and appears to be merely covered by synovial me
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