Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . -in a general conviction that a strong hand was essential to the presidentmaintenance of peace. The new constitution decreed that thepresident of the republic should be chosen by the people at choice fell upon the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1 Socialists use red as a symbol of their appreciation of the common blood ofthe brotherhood of man. 2 One can gather some idea of the suffering of the working class in Paris owingto the new industrial sy
Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . -in a general conviction that a strong hand was essential to the presidentmaintenance of peace. The new constitution decreed that thepresident of the republic should be chosen by the people at choice fell upon the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1 Socialists use red as a symbol of their appreciation of the common blood ofthe brotherhood of man. 2 One can gather some idea of the suffering of the working class in Paris owingto the new industrial system when one realizes that more people perished in thisstruggle for the red republic than in the whole Reign of Terror. 598 Medieval and Jifodem Times Establish- Louis Napoleon, who had already made two futile attempts the Second *^° make himself the ruler of France. Before the expira- Empire, 1852 jjqjj ^f jjjg fgyj- years term he succeeded, by a coup (THat (December 2, 1851), in setting up a new government He next obtained, by means of a plebiscite,^ the consent of the people to his remaining president for ten years. A year later. Fig. 161. Napoleon III^ (1852) the Second Empire was established, and Napoleon IIIbecame Emperor of the French by the grace of God andthe will of the people. 1 See above, p. 534, 2 Few monarchs of Europe have had such a romuitic career as this nephewof Napoleon I, An exile, a conspirator against Louis Philippe, prisoner of state,escaping to return and to be elected President of the Second RepubUc, he vyasone of the shrewdest politicians of the nineteenth century. As emperor, hegratified French pride with beautiful buildings and- other showy pubHc works,but the Napoleonic tradition of glory kept involving him in foreign warswhich mostly turned out badly for France and finally led to bis own below, p. 620. The Revolutions of l8^8 and their Results 599 The Revolution of 1848 in Austria, Germany,AND Italy 122. When Mettemich heard of the
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