. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. 442 TBE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAiMMALIA. lateral channels, limited superiorly by the posterior pillars of the soft palate 2. In front of, and beneath this, is the isthmus ofthefdures ; behind and above, the (Bsophajjeal ojienin/i at the bottom of an infundibulum, which may be con- sidered as a special region of the pharynx. These seven openings into the pharyngeal cavity give it the appearance of a cross road, into which abut different thoroughfares. It is necessary to note that the air and digestive passages i
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. 442 TBE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS IN MAiMMALIA. lateral channels, limited superiorly by the posterior pillars of the soft palate 2. In front of, and beneath this, is the isthmus ofthefdures ; behind and above, the (Bsophajjeal ojienin/i at the bottom of an infundibulum, which may be con- sidered as a special region of the pharynx. These seven openings into the pharyngeal cavity give it the appearance of a cross road, into which abut different thoroughfares. It is necessary to note that the air and digestive passages intersect each other here ; and in such a way that, during deglutition, the bolus of food passes over the entrance of the larynx to reach the oesophageal opening. This pecuharity is easily seen by referring to Fig. 250. Relations.—Viewed externally, for the study of its connections, it will be found that the pharynx is related, posteriorly, to the guttural pouches, and guttural or retro-pharyngeal lymphatic glands ; laterally, to the great cornu of the Fig. MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF HEAD AND UPPER PART OF NECK. 1, Upper lip; 2, premaxilla; 3, hard palate; 4, tongue; 5, septum nasi; 6, nasal bone; 7, palatine bone; 8, soft palate; 9, pterygoid bone; 10, epiglottis; 11, entrance to Eustachian tube: 12, arytenoid cartilage; 13, cricoid cartilage; 14, oesophagus; 15, frontal bone and sinus; 16, cere- brum; 17, corpus callosum; 18, cerebellum; 19, sphenoid bone; 20, medulla oblongata, 21, cervical ligament; 22, spinal cord ; 23, occipital bone ; 24, 24, atlas ; 25, 25, dentata; 26. trachea. OS hyoides, the internal pterygoid and stylo-hyoid muscles, the glosso-pharyngeal, great hypoglossal, and superior laryngeal nerves, and the glosso-facial artery. Structure.—The walls of the pharynx are composed of a mucous membraney external to which is a, fibroifs and a micscular layer. 1. Mucous membrane.—This membrane is covered, externally, by a thin layer of yellow elastic f
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Keywords: ., bookauthorcha, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecthorses
