. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Southern Yellow Birch 257 trunks becomes deeply fissured and broken into plates. The branches, at first, are nearly erect, but the lower ones of older trees widely spreading. The young twigs are green and loosely hairy, becoming smooth, shining, and reddish brown. The buds are about 7 mm. long, pointed and shining. The young leaves are silky- hairy, the old ones hairy only along the veins on the under side; they are ovate
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Southern Yellow Birch 257 trunks becomes deeply fissured and broken into plates. The branches, at first, are nearly erect, but the lower ones of older trees widely spreading. The young twigs are green and loosely hairy, becoming smooth, shining, and reddish brown. The buds are about 7 mm. long, pointed and shining. The young leaves are silky- hairy, the old ones hairy only along the veins on the under side; they are ovate or oblong- ovate, thin, pointed, sometimes rather long- pointed, 6 to 12 cm. long, finely and sharply toothed, often doubly toothed, usually cordate but sometimes rounded at the base, bright green and somewhat shining above, pale green beneath, the veins prominent on the under side but inconspicuous on the upper; the leaf- stalks are 6 to 12 mm. long, the stipules ovate, pointed, hairy-fringed. The tree flowers in April or May. The staminate catkins are borne several together and are 6 to 10 cm. long. The ripe pistillate catkins are broadly oblong, blunt, not stalked, 2 to 3 cm. long, their scales 4 or 5 mm. long, smooth, about — erry irc . equally 3-lobed above the middle; the nut is oblong to obovate and rather broader than its wings. The wood is largely used for furniture and makes excellent fuel; it is locally used for boat-building; it is hard, strong, dark brown, with a specific gravity of about The wood and bark yield birch oil by distillation, which is nearly identical with oil of wintergreen, used for flavoring, and in medicine as a stim- ulant. Birch-beer is the fermented sap. The tree grows rapidly, flourishing best when associated with other 14. SOUTHERN YELLOW BIRCH — Betula aUeghanensis Britton This tree resembles the Cherry birch and the Yellow birch and has been con- fused with both of them. It attains about the same size as the forme
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