The basis for the improvement of American wheats . ctly calledspelt in this country. The German name is Emmer and the Frenchamidoiinier. As the German name is best known and easily pro-nounced, it should be at once adopted with us, and the name speltapplied where it properly belongs. In Russia, where the group iswell represented, it goes by the name of polha., which name is inyari-ably translated spelt. But either the Russians wrongly apply thename polba or this is an incorrect translation. As a matter of fact,yery little if any true spelt is grown in Russia, though a rather largequantity of e
The basis for the improvement of American wheats . ctly calledspelt in this country. The German name is Emmer and the Frenchamidoiinier. As the German name is best known and easily pro-nounced, it should be at once adopted with us, and the name speltapplied where it properly belongs. In Russia, where the group iswell represented, it goes by the name of polha., which name is inyari-ably translated spelt. But either the Russians wrongly apply thename polba or this is an incorrect translation. As a matter of fact,yery little if any true spelt is grown in Russia, though a rather largequantity of emmer is produced each 3^ear. The plants of this species are pithy or hollow, with an inner wall ofpith; leaves sometimes rather broad, and usually velyety hairy; headsalmost always bearded, yery compact, and nuich flattened on the two-rowed sides. The appearance in the field is therefore quite differentfrom that of spelt. The spikelets (that is, the unhulled grains as they Bui. 24. Div. Vfeg. Phys & Path., U. S Dept. of Agriculture. Plate VII. 35 come from the thresher), however, look considerably like those ofspelt, but differ principally in the presence always of a short pointedpedicel. This pedicel, which is really a portion of the rachis (stem)of the head, if attached at all to the spelt spikelets. is always veryblunt and much thicker. Besides, the emmer spikelets are tiattenedon the inner side, and not arched as in spelt, so that they do not standout from the rachis as the spelt spikelets do. but lie close to it and toeach other, forming a solidly compact head. The spikelets are usuallytwo-g-rained, one t^rain beinof located a little hig-her than the outer chaff is boat-shaped, keeled, and toothed at the apex. Thegrain is somewhat similar to that of spelt, but is usually harder, morecompressed at the sides, and redder in color. For the production of new varieties by hybridization emmer hasqualities similar to those of spelt, but still more valuable. At thesame ti
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