. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 810 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER February 26, 1920 EUROPEAN FOULBROOD By G. F. White Specialist in Insect Diseases Introduction Name of the disease Healthy larvas of the age at which they die of European foulbrood— Symptoms Etiology Technique Thermal death point of Bacillus pluton Resistance of Bacillus pluton to drying Resistance of Bacillus pluton when dry to direct sunlight Resistance of Bacillus pluton in water to direct sunlight Resistance of
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 810 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER February 26, 1920 EUROPEAN FOULBROOD By G. F. White Specialist in Insect Diseases Introduction Name of the disease Healthy larvas of the age at which they die of European foulbrood— Symptoms Etiology Technique Thermal death point of Bacillus pluton Resistance of Bacillus pluton to drying Resistance of Bacillus pluton when dry to direct sunlight Resistance of Bacillus pluton in water to direct sunlight Resistance of Bacillus pluton in honey to direct sunlight CONTENTS Page 2 3 4 7 15 17 17 19 20 21 Resistance of Bacillus pluton to fer- Resistance of Bacillus pluton to putrefaction Viability ot Bacillus pluton in honey_. Viability of Bacillus pluton in pollen- Resistance of Bacillus pluton to car- bolic acid Effect of drugs on European foul- brood Transmission of European foulbrood- Diagnosis Prognosis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Explanation of plates— Page 21 22 23 24 26 26 28 31 31 34 37 INTRODUCTION European foulbrood is an infectious disease of the brood of bees caused by Bacillus pluton. It is characterized by the death of brood during its uncapped stage and by the absence of any marked odor. The disorder has a wide distribution and is fairly well known to bee- keepers. The losses sustained by the infected apiary vary from a slight weakening of the colonies in some instances to the destruction of all of them in others. Practical apiarists have determined mucn concerning the disorder while pursuing their profession. The writer in an earlier paper (15)^ referred to the nature and extent of the progress that had been made in the study of the disease from the laboratory point of view. The present paper deals with results which have been obtained from a con- tinuation of the work. Among the problems considered are: The re- ^ Figures in parentheses refer to "
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