Archive image from page 74 of Dangerous marine animals (1959). Dangerous marine animals dangerousmarinea00hals Year: 1959 MARINE ANIMALS THAT STING 55 The species within these families are too numerous to list indi- vidually, so only a few representative species, which have been studied to a considerable extent by the venomologist, will be in- cluded. However, there are a few generalities which are pertinent to the group as a whole. Fig. 27. Map showing the geographical distribution of stingrays. Although plagic and deep-water species are known to exist, stingrays are primarily shallow-wat
Archive image from page 74 of Dangerous marine animals (1959). Dangerous marine animals dangerousmarinea00hals Year: 1959 MARINE ANIMALS THAT STING 55 The species within these families are too numerous to list indi- vidually, so only a few representative species, which have been studied to a considerable extent by the venomologist, will be in- cluded. However, there are a few generalities which are pertinent to the group as a whole. Fig. 27. Map showing the geographical distribution of stingrays. Although plagic and deep-water species are known to exist, stingrays are primarily shallow-water inhabitants, along coastal areas. Rays are common inhabitants of tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate seas (Fig. 27). With the exception of the family Pota- motrygonidae, which is confined to freshwater, rays are essentially marine forms, some of which may enter brackish, or freshwaters, freely. Rays are swimmers of moderate depths, and are most com- mon in shallow water. A deep sea species has recently been reported from the Central Pacific Ocean. Sheltered bays, shoal lagoons, river mouths, and sandy areas between patch reefs are favorite habitats of rays. They may be observed lying on top of the sand, or partially submerged, with only their eyes, spiracles, and a por- tion of the tail exposed. Rays burrow into the sand and mud, and excavate the bottom with the use of their pectoral fins, by which means they obtain the worms, molluscs, and crustaceans upon which they feed. Representative Stingray Species: Stingrays or Whiprays - Dasyatidae Diamond Stingray, Dasyatis dipterurus (Jordan and Gilbert) (Fig. 28, Top). Occurs from British Columbia to Central America.
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